Efeito das condições de congelamento sobre atributos de qualidade de fatias de abacaxi liofilizado
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2010-01-29
Autores
Vieira, Ana Paula [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de novas tecnologias de processamento, as quais permitem a manutenção dos atributos de qualidade do produto em níveis mais próximos daqueles observados na matériaprima in natura, tem permitido a obtenção de frutas desidratadas de aspecto sensorial apreciado pelos consumidores e contribuído para que sua disponibilidade se estenda para além dos períodos de safra, permitindo o consumo em qualquer período do ano. Entre os processos de desidratação que resultam em produtos de bons atributos sensoriais e nutritivos destaca-se a liofilização, onde a separação da água é baseada no fenômeno de sublimação. Considerando que as condições de congelamento exercem influência sobre as propriedades físicas e sobre os atributos sensoriais e nutritivos dos produtos liofilizados, neste trabalho foi estudada a liofilização de fatias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) da variedade Smooth Cayenne, avaliandose os efeitos da temperatura de congelamento das amostras (-14, -24 e -34 oC) e da espessura das fatias (0,5, 1,0, e 1,5 cm) sobre a taxa de congelamento, cinética de secagem e sobre alguns atributos de qualidade (textura, reidratação e retenção da vitamina C) do produto final desidratado. Os resultados mostraram que existe uma forte dependência da cinética de secagem e dos atributos de qualidade do produto liofilizado, fatias de abacaxi, em função das condições utilizadas durante a etapa de congelamento. A taxa de congelamento, a difusividade efetiva da água no período inicial da liofilização, a retenção de vitamina C, o índice de reidratação e a dureza das amostras foram afetados significativamente, a um nível de 95 % de significância, pela temperatura de congelamento e espessura das fatias de abacaxi.
The use of new processing technologies, which permit keeping the quality attributes of the product at similar levels of those observed in the raw material, has permitted to obtain dehydrated fruits with sensorial aspects appreciated by consumers and contributed to extend their availability for periods beyond their harvest season, allowing their consumption during the whole year. Among the dehydration processes that result in products of good sensorial and nutritional attributes, the freeze drying, in which the water separation is based on the sublimation phenomenon, has an outstanding position. Taking into account that the freezing conditions exert influence on the physical properties and on the quality and nutritional attributes of freeze dried products, in this work the freeze drying of pineapple (Ananas comosus) slices of the Smooth Cayenne variety was studied, evaluating the effects of the samples’ freezing temperature (-14, -24 e -34 oC) and of the slices’ thickness (0,5, 1,0, e 1,5 cm) on the freezing rate, drying kinetics and on some quality attributes (texture, rehydration, and vitamin C retention) of the final dehydrated product. The results showed that there is and strong dependence of the drying kinetics and of the quality attributes of freeze dried product, pineapple slices, as functions of the conditions used during the freezing step. The freezing rate, the water effective diffusivity at the initial period of freeze drying, the vitamin C retention, the rehydration index and the hardness of the samples were significantly affected, at a level of 95 % of significance, by the freezing temperature and by the pineapple slices thickness.
The use of new processing technologies, which permit keeping the quality attributes of the product at similar levels of those observed in the raw material, has permitted to obtain dehydrated fruits with sensorial aspects appreciated by consumers and contributed to extend their availability for periods beyond their harvest season, allowing their consumption during the whole year. Among the dehydration processes that result in products of good sensorial and nutritional attributes, the freeze drying, in which the water separation is based on the sublimation phenomenon, has an outstanding position. Taking into account that the freezing conditions exert influence on the physical properties and on the quality and nutritional attributes of freeze dried products, in this work the freeze drying of pineapple (Ananas comosus) slices of the Smooth Cayenne variety was studied, evaluating the effects of the samples’ freezing temperature (-14, -24 e -34 oC) and of the slices’ thickness (0,5, 1,0, e 1,5 cm) on the freezing rate, drying kinetics and on some quality attributes (texture, rehydration, and vitamin C retention) of the final dehydrated product. The results showed that there is and strong dependence of the drying kinetics and of the quality attributes of freeze dried product, pineapple slices, as functions of the conditions used during the freezing step. The freezing rate, the water effective diffusivity at the initial period of freeze drying, the vitamin C retention, the rehydration index and the hardness of the samples were significantly affected, at a level of 95 % of significance, by the freezing temperature and by the pineapple slices thickness.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Secagem por congelação, Abacaxi - Secagem, Cinética de secagem, Dehydrated fruits, Dehydration processes, Lyophilization
Como citar
VIEIRA, Ana Paula. Efeito das condições de congelamento sobre atributos de qualidade de fatias de abacaxi liofilizado. 2010. 73 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2010.