Instrumentalização pedagógica para avaliação de crianças com risco de dislexia
Data
2010-10-04
Autores
Andrade, Olga Valéria Campana dos Anjos [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A dislexia do desenvolvimento não é ambiental, mas sim uma desordem neurológica de origem genética que afeta em países desenvolvidos 8-10% das crianças que, à despeito de uma inteligência normal e oportunidades adequadas, apresentam uma inesperada dificuldade de aquisição da leitura-escrita. Prejuízos no processamento fonológico, incluindo a consciência fonológica (refletir sobre os sons das palavras tais como rimas, aliterações e fonemas), a memória verbal de curto-prazo e a nomeação rápida, dificultam as conversões letra-som e representam os principais fatores de risco para a dislexia. No Brasil grande parte dos alunos encaminhados a atendimento especializado não apresenta realmente qualquer distúrbio, fato que sobrecarrega o sistema público alcunhado de “síndrome do encaminhamento”. Este problema é causado principalmente porque o sistema educacional brasileiro e as concepções pedagógicas predominantes não enfatizam (até mesmo inibem) as relações grafo-fonológicas na alfabetização, nem a formação qualificada dos educadores sobre os diferentes transtornos de aprendizagem e suas manifestações. A conjunção desses dois fatores culmina numa quase ausência de critérios bem definidos e instrumentos pedagógicos de rastreamento dos fatores de risco para as dificuldades de leitura que orientem a adoção adequada dos encaminhamentos. Portanto, a presente pesquisa possui dois estudos. O Estudo 1 voltado para uma ampla revisão da literatura sobre a relação entre linguagem oral e escrita, os processos envolvidos na leitura-escrita e suas implicações para a alfabetização e para os transtornos de aprendizagem, objetivando proporcionar aos educadores uma visão científica e crítica da área e do debate em torno da escolha dos métodos de ensino da leitura-escrita. Concluímos que as evidências da psicolinguística experimental...
Dyslexia is not environmental, it is a neurodevelopmental condition with a genetic origin affecting 8-10% of children in developed countries who, despite normal intelligence and adequate opportunities have unexpected and severe difficulties in literacy acquisition. Dyslexia is causally associated with disruptions on phonological processing, namely, phonological awareness (the ability to consciously think upon structural features of spoken language such as onset-rime and phonemes), verbal working memory and rapid automatic naming, resulting in severe difficulties in establisghing letter-sound relations. In Brazil, many children are mistakenly labeled as having learning disabilities and improperly referred each year to specialized public services without actually presenting any problem, thus overloading the public system and making too many children left behind. This highly undesirable picture reflects the educator´s lack of a good theoretical and empirical knowledge on the different types and manifestations of learning disabilities (hence, their difficulties to differentiate between reading difficulties caused by environmental factors and dyslexia) as well as the almost absence of collective screening instruments that improve recognition of risk factors for reading difficulties early on literacy acquisition. All these problems rest in part on the fact that Brazilian educational system does not prioritize literacy methods that emphasize letter-to-sound correspondences neither the high-quality training for teachers and educators with respect to learning disabilities. Therefore, the present research addresses these two basic problems by being divided into two different but related studies. The first study constitutes a detailed review of the literature on the cognitive processes involved in reading and their implications for literacy acquisition, aiming to provide educators with a scientific... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Dyslexia is not environmental, it is a neurodevelopmental condition with a genetic origin affecting 8-10% of children in developed countries who, despite normal intelligence and adequate opportunities have unexpected and severe difficulties in literacy acquisition. Dyslexia is causally associated with disruptions on phonological processing, namely, phonological awareness (the ability to consciously think upon structural features of spoken language such as onset-rime and phonemes), verbal working memory and rapid automatic naming, resulting in severe difficulties in establisghing letter-sound relations. In Brazil, many children are mistakenly labeled as having learning disabilities and improperly referred each year to specialized public services without actually presenting any problem, thus overloading the public system and making too many children left behind. This highly undesirable picture reflects the educator´s lack of a good theoretical and empirical knowledge on the different types and manifestations of learning disabilities (hence, their difficulties to differentiate between reading difficulties caused by environmental factors and dyslexia) as well as the almost absence of collective screening instruments that improve recognition of risk factors for reading difficulties early on literacy acquisition. All these problems rest in part on the fact that Brazilian educational system does not prioritize literacy methods that emphasize letter-to-sound correspondences neither the high-quality training for teachers and educators with respect to learning disabilities. Therefore, the present research addresses these two basic problems by being divided into two different but related studies. The first study constitutes a detailed review of the literature on the cognitive processes involved in reading and their implications for literacy acquisition, aiming to provide educators with a scientific... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Disturbios da aprendizagem, Dislexia, Consciência fonológica, Instrumentalização pedagógica, Crianças disléxicas - Avaliação, Assessment, Literacy, Learning disability, Phonological awareness, Screening, Dyslexia
Como citar
ANDRADE, Olga Valéria Campana dos Anjos. Instrumentalização pedagógica para avaliação de crianças com risco de dislexia. 2010. 235 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, 2010.