O raciocínio lógico e a criatividade na resolução de problemas matemáticos no ensino médio
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Data
2008-12-11
Autores
Alvarenga, Rosana Cristina Macelloni [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho teve como objetivos a análise das heurísticas envolvidas numa experiência de ensino por meio da perspectiva metodológica da resolução de problemas e a análise da relação dos alunos do Ensino Médio com a disciplina Matemática. À luz da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, este trabalho pode contribuir para análise da subjetividade dos processos de formação de conceitos, dos modos de pensar dos educandos face à aprendizagem Matemática, de sua criatividade e raciocínio lógico ao resolver problemas. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa. Os alunos, sujeitos da pesquisa, foram considerados ora como resolvedores, ora como propositores de problemas; os dados foram coletados, em aulas de Matemática, de Maio a Novembro de 2.007. Ao conhecer como a experiência e os conhecimentos específicos afetam a solução de um problema, analisei os resultados e conclui que a eficiência na sua resolução depende não somente da memória, das idéias prévias e estratégias, mas de todos esses processos enunciados que participam efetivamente da formação do conceito matemático. Também conclui que prevalece, ainda, entre os educandos, uma visão ingênua e marcada por mitos resistentes a respeito da Matemática, porém se mostraram criativos ao resolverem problemas e modificaram aspectos importantes na sua relação com esta disciplina após serem submetidos a aulas na perspectiva metodológica de resolução de problemas. Pode-se afirmar que a perspectiva mencionada anteriormente propicia o conhecimento da Matemática, conduz à formação dos conceitos e ao desenvolvimento da criatividade dos educandos. Em suma, faz-se necessária uma ampla revisão na prática pedagógica desenvolvida em Matemática, a fim de que esta contribua para que os educandos tornem-se sujeitos de transformações sociais.
This paper had as the goal the analysis of heuristics involved in a teaching experience through the methodological perspective of the problems solving and the analysis of the relations from the high school students with the subject Mathematics. In the light the view of the Historical-Cultural Theory, this paper can contribute for the analysis of the subjectivity of the concept-formation processes, the learners ways of thinking when talking about the Math s learning, their creativity and logical thinking while solving problems. The methodology applied was the qualitative research. The students, individuals of the research, were considered sometimes problem-solvers and other times problem-proposers; the data were collected, in Math classes, from May to November, 2.007. When we know how the experience and the specific knowledge affect the solving of a problem, I analyzed the results and concluded that the efficiency in this resolution depends not only memory, previous ideas and strategies, but through all these mentioned processes that effectively take part in the formation of the Math concept. I concluded that it prevails, yet, among the learners a naïve view and marked by resistant myths concerning to Math, but they showed themselves creative when solving problems and changed important aspects of their relation with this subject after being given classes in the methodological perspective of the problem solving. We can state that the perspective mentioned above provides the Math knowledge; it conducts to the formation of concepts and the development of the learners ׳ creativity. In short, it is necessary a large review on the pedagogical practice developed in Mathematics, so that this subject can contribute for the learners to become individuals from social transformations.
This paper had as the goal the analysis of heuristics involved in a teaching experience through the methodological perspective of the problems solving and the analysis of the relations from the high school students with the subject Mathematics. In the light the view of the Historical-Cultural Theory, this paper can contribute for the analysis of the subjectivity of the concept-formation processes, the learners ways of thinking when talking about the Math s learning, their creativity and logical thinking while solving problems. The methodology applied was the qualitative research. The students, individuals of the research, were considered sometimes problem-solvers and other times problem-proposers; the data were collected, in Math classes, from May to November, 2.007. When we know how the experience and the specific knowledge affect the solving of a problem, I analyzed the results and concluded that the efficiency in this resolution depends not only memory, previous ideas and strategies, but through all these mentioned processes that effectively take part in the formation of the Math concept. I concluded that it prevails, yet, among the learners a naïve view and marked by resistant myths concerning to Math, but they showed themselves creative when solving problems and changed important aspects of their relation with this subject after being given classes in the methodological perspective of the problem solving. We can state that the perspective mentioned above provides the Math knowledge; it conducts to the formation of concepts and the development of the learners ׳ creativity. In short, it is necessary a large review on the pedagogical practice developed in Mathematics, so that this subject can contribute for the learners to become individuals from social transformations.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Matemática (Segundo grau) - Estudo e ensino, Educação, Ensino médio, Heuristica, Mathematics, Heuristics, Creativity, Logical thinking, Problems-solving, Concept-formation
Como citar
ALVARENGA, Rosana Cristina Macelloni. O raciocínio lógico e a criatividade na resolução de problemas matemáticos no ensino médio. 2008. 99 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de filosofia e Ciências, 2008.