Condutas de discriminação entre crianças da educação infantil
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Data
2007-11-30
Autores
Kawashima, Rosana Akemi [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O tema ética e moral na escola tem sido o foco de inúmeras pesquisas e trabalhos publicados na área da Educação e da Psicologia. Ao mesmo tempo em que todos reconhecem a importância deste tema, pouca relevância tem sido dada ao tema dentro da escola. Nos estudos em psicologia moral, os termos ética e moral correlacionam-se com justiça, do mesmo modo em que foram abordados por Piaget (1994) com a teoria da moralidade infantil; como fez Turiel (1983) com a teoria dos domínios; e também como fizeram os PCNs, quando trazem o tema da justiça a ser abordado na escola. A intenção deste trabalho é abordar a questão da discriminação entre os estudantes e entender como são tratadas as pesquisas sobre o tema. Tomamos como viés de análise a violência na escola, a violência no Brasil e como a ética e a moral são praticadas no âmbito escolar. Dentro deste cenário, o estudo teve como objetivo investigar formas e evolução de pensamentos e condutas de discriminação, visando analisar como esta conduta é categorizada, e compreender seu julgamento sócio moral. O grupo pesquisado compreende crianças com 4, 5 e 6 anos de idade da Educação Infantil, da cidade de São José do Rio Preto. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, esta pesquisa utiliza a observação e a entrevista clínica. A entrevista tem como tema uma história baseada em acontecimentos retirados do período de observação das atividades das próprias crianças investigadas. O primeiro passo revela que crianças pequenas perpetuam condutas discriminatórias, mais os meninos que as meninas. Verificou-se que a maioria das crianças considera a conduta de conflito errada dentro do domínio moral, determinada por heteronomia e obediência à autoridade.
The topic ethics and moral in the school has been object of study of several researches and papers that has been published in the field of Education and Psychology. While every researcher recognizes the importance of the subject, not much attention has been given to it. In the studies carried out in Moral Psychology, ethics and moral are related to justice. The same correlation is established by Piaget (1994) in the theory for moral development of young children; by Turiel (1983) in the domain theory, and also in the PCNs (Brazilian National Curricular Parameters) when the topic justice is mentioned as subject to be explored in the school. The main purpose of this paper is to approach the question of the discrimination among students and to understand the way researches in the field are carried out. We conducted our investigation by examining the violence in the school, violence in Brazil and how ethics and moral are put into practice in the school. Taking that into consideration, the study had as main objective the investigation of the development of forms and thoughts and discriminatory behavior in children, trying to understand the way this behavior is ranked, and its social-moral judgment comprehended. The group studied is comprised of children in the ages of 4, 5 and 6 in the Infant School in the city of São José do Rio Preto, State of São Paulo - Brazil. The data collection instruments employed were observation and clinical interview. The topic of the interview was selected having in mind the period of observation. It was chosen according to the activities developed by the children. The first step revealed that young children perpetuate discriminatory behavior. Boys, more than girls, have a more prominent tendency to discriminate. It was also observed that most part of the children consider the question of conflict situation in the moral dominion as something wrong, when determined by heteronomy and obedience to authority.
The topic ethics and moral in the school has been object of study of several researches and papers that has been published in the field of Education and Psychology. While every researcher recognizes the importance of the subject, not much attention has been given to it. In the studies carried out in Moral Psychology, ethics and moral are related to justice. The same correlation is established by Piaget (1994) in the theory for moral development of young children; by Turiel (1983) in the domain theory, and also in the PCNs (Brazilian National Curricular Parameters) when the topic justice is mentioned as subject to be explored in the school. The main purpose of this paper is to approach the question of the discrimination among students and to understand the way researches in the field are carried out. We conducted our investigation by examining the violence in the school, violence in Brazil and how ethics and moral are put into practice in the school. Taking that into consideration, the study had as main objective the investigation of the development of forms and thoughts and discriminatory behavior in children, trying to understand the way this behavior is ranked, and its social-moral judgment comprehended. The group studied is comprised of children in the ages of 4, 5 and 6 in the Infant School in the city of São José do Rio Preto, State of São Paulo - Brazil. The data collection instruments employed were observation and clinical interview. The topic of the interview was selected having in mind the period of observation. It was chosen according to the activities developed by the children. The first step revealed that young children perpetuate discriminatory behavior. Boys, more than girls, have a more prominent tendency to discriminate. It was also observed that most part of the children consider the question of conflict situation in the moral dominion as something wrong, when determined by heteronomy and obedience to authority.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação de crianças, Discriminação, Desenvolvimento moral, Violência na escola, Violence in school, Discrimination, Moral development, Social moral judgment
Como citar
KAWASHIMA, Rosana Akemi. Condutas de discriminação entre crianças da educação infantil. 2007. 113 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, 2007.