O trabalho pedagógico e a zona de desenvolvimento proximal na aprendizagem da linguagem escrita
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2008-02-11
Autores
Bassan, Larissa Helyne [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Vigotski, um dos maiores representantes da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, definiu a categoria zona de desenvolvimento proximal (ZDP) como sendo o nível de desenvolvimento em que a criança é capaz de realizar suas ações mediante a colaboração de alguém culturalmente mais experiente. Para ele, o bom ensino é aquele que se adianta ao desenvolvimento da criança, e isso é possível, acreditamos, desde que o ensino incida em sua zona de desenvolvimento proximal. Coerente com essa orientação, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo geral estabelecer as possíveis relações entre o trabalho pedagógico do professor e a zona de desenvolvimento proximal do aluno no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem da linguagem escrita. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com oito professoras e dezesseis alunos das 1ª e 2ª séries do ensino fundamental da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Marília. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observações e registros de episódios da interação professor-aluno nos estritos limites das situações de produção textual escrita, além de análise de textos dos alunos, coletados durante o período pesquisado. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o professor que desenvolve ações mais potencializadoras organiza o ensino de modo a lidar com as possibilidades de aprendizagem dos alunos, fornecendo-lhes as ajudas necessárias à apropriação dos conteúdos culturais com os quais trabalham, propicia-lhes o seu desenvolvimento, ou seja, potencializa-o. Durante essas ações, o professor se relaciona de maneira envolvente com seus alunos, permitindo que eles objetivem suas necessidades e interesses, além de trabalhar a linguagem escrita pela função social e prover ajudas diferenciadas no momento da produção textual.
Vigotski, one of the greatest representatives of the Historical-Cultural Theory, defined the zone of proximal development (ZPD) category, as the level of development in which the child is capable of performing its actions by means of the involvement with someone culturally more experienced. For him, good instruction is the one that makes the development of the child advance, and that is possible, we believe, once the teaching process works with the possibilities in the area of proximal development. Consistent with this guidance, this search aimed to establish the possible relations between the pedagogical work of the teacher and the zone of proximal development of the students in the teaching and learning processes of the written language. This search was conducted with eight teachers and sixteen students of the first and second series of the elementary school of the municipal system of education of the city of Marília. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, observations and records of episodes of the teacher-student interaction in the strict limits of the situations of textual production. Besides, we analyzed the students’ texts, gathered during the search. The results indicate that the teacher who develops strongly effective actions organizes the instruction in order to deal with the possibilities of students learning capacity by providing them the necessary assistance to the appropriation of cultural contents they work with, makes them progress in their development, giving potency to it. While she develops her work, the teacher interacts with her students, allowing them objectify their needs and interests, besides dealing with the written language by its social function and providing differentiated aid in the moment of textual production. This kind of action has implications in the learning process.
Vigotski, one of the greatest representatives of the Historical-Cultural Theory, defined the zone of proximal development (ZPD) category, as the level of development in which the child is capable of performing its actions by means of the involvement with someone culturally more experienced. For him, good instruction is the one that makes the development of the child advance, and that is possible, we believe, once the teaching process works with the possibilities in the area of proximal development. Consistent with this guidance, this search aimed to establish the possible relations between the pedagogical work of the teacher and the zone of proximal development of the students in the teaching and learning processes of the written language. This search was conducted with eight teachers and sixteen students of the first and second series of the elementary school of the municipal system of education of the city of Marília. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, observations and records of episodes of the teacher-student interaction in the strict limits of the situations of textual production. Besides, we analyzed the students’ texts, gathered during the search. The results indicate that the teacher who develops strongly effective actions organizes the instruction in order to deal with the possibilities of students learning capacity by providing them the necessary assistance to the appropriation of cultural contents they work with, makes them progress in their development, giving potency to it. While she develops her work, the teacher interacts with her students, allowing them objectify their needs and interests, besides dealing with the written language by its social function and providing differentiated aid in the moment of textual production. This kind of action has implications in the learning process.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Comunicação escrita, Ensino fundamental, Teoria histórico-cultural, Zona de desenvovimento proximal (ZDP), Historical-cultural theory, Written language
Como citar
BASSAN, Larissa Helyne. O trabalho pedagógico e a zona de desenvolvimento proximal na aprendizagem da linguagem escrita. 2008. 325 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, 2008.