Dinâmica populacional e controle do ácaro Aceria litchii Keifer (Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) em plantas de lichia
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Data
2013-02-07
Autores
Azevedo, Letícia Henrique de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura da lichia (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pode ser severamente danificada pelo ácaro Aceria litchii (Keifer), a principal praga desta cultura no Brasil. Produtores brasileiros de lichia estão preocupados com o severo dano causado por esse ácaro, dadas as poucas opções disponíveis para o seu controle. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar aspectos que poderiam levar ao controle efetivo de A. litchii no Brasil, causando o menor impacto ambiental possível. O trabalho compreendeu atividades de campo e de laboratório. O primeiro estudo se referiu a uma avaliação da dinâmica populacional do ácaro. Este foi realizado durante um ano. Aceria litchii permaneceu em plantas de lichia ao longo do ano, atingindo os níveis mais elevados em novembro de 2011 e junho de 2012. O principal predador a este associado foi Phytoseius intermedius. Este predador e outros da mesma família não foram capazes de evitar os danos causados pela praga, o que não significa que os danos não pudessem ser ainda maiores na ausência destes predadores. O segundo estudo correspondeu à determinação de parâmetros biológicos do predador quando alimentado com A. litchii. Phytoseius intermedius foi capaz de completar seu desenvolvimento e se reproduzir com sucesso alimentando-se desta presa. O terceiro estudo correspondeu a uma avaliação de laboratório do efeito de 11 pesticidas sobre A. litchii e P. intermedius, usando uma torre de Potter. O quarto estudo foi uma continuação do terceiro, avaliando em condição de campo os pesticidas que produziram os melhores resultados no estudo anterior. Enxofre, fenpiroximato e hexitiazoxi mostraram-se os mais eficientes contra A. litchii, enquanto azadiractina, seguida por fenpiroximato e hexitiazoxi, foram os mais seletivos para o predador. Os resultados obtidos são considerados importantes para o estabelecimento de um programa de manejo de A. litchii no Estado de São Paulo.
Litchi crop (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) can be severely damaged by the mite Aceria litchii (Keifer), the major pest of this crop in Brazil. Brazilian litchi growers are currently worried with the high damage caused by this mite, given the limitations of options available for its control. The objective of this work was to determine aspects that could lead to the effective control A. litchii in Brazil, causing as little environmental impact as possible. The work comprised of field and laboratory observations. The first study referred to an evaluation of the mite population dynamics. It was conducted during one year. Aceria litchii remained on litchi plants throughout the year, reaching the highest levels in November 2011 and June 2012. The main predator associated with it was Phytoseius intermedius. This predator and other predators of the same family were not able to prevent damage by the pest, what does not mean that the damage could have been still higher in the absent of those predators. The second study corresponded to the determination of biological parameters of this predator when feeding on A. litchii. It was able to complete its development and reproduce successfully on that prey. The third study corresponded to a laboratory evaluation on the effect of 11 pesticides on A. litchii and P. intermedius, using a Potter tower. The fourth study was a continuation of the third, trying under field condition the pesticides that produced the best results in the previous study . Sulfur, fenpyroximate and hexythiazox were shown as most effective against A. litchii, whereas azadirachtin, followed by fenpyroximate and hexythiazox were the most selective for the predator. The results obtained are considered important for the establishment of a management program of A. litchii in São Paulo state.
Litchi crop (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) can be severely damaged by the mite Aceria litchii (Keifer), the major pest of this crop in Brazil. Brazilian litchi growers are currently worried with the high damage caused by this mite, given the limitations of options available for its control. The objective of this work was to determine aspects that could lead to the effective control A. litchii in Brazil, causing as little environmental impact as possible. The work comprised of field and laboratory observations. The first study referred to an evaluation of the mite population dynamics. It was conducted during one year. Aceria litchii remained on litchi plants throughout the year, reaching the highest levels in November 2011 and June 2012. The main predator associated with it was Phytoseius intermedius. This predator and other predators of the same family were not able to prevent damage by the pest, what does not mean that the damage could have been still higher in the absent of those predators. The second study corresponded to the determination of biological parameters of this predator when feeding on A. litchii. It was able to complete its development and reproduce successfully on that prey. The third study corresponded to a laboratory evaluation on the effect of 11 pesticides on A. litchii and P. intermedius, using a Potter tower. The fourth study was a continuation of the third, trying under field condition the pesticides that produced the best results in the previous study . Sulfur, fenpyroximate and hexythiazox were shown as most effective against A. litchii, whereas azadirachtin, followed by fenpyroximate and hexythiazox were the most selective for the predator. The results obtained are considered important for the establishment of a management program of A. litchii in São Paulo state.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pragas - Controle biologico, Lichia - Doenças e pragas - Controle, Litchi chinensis, Inseticidas, Acaro - Controle, Mites - Control
Como citar
AZEVEDO, Letícia Henrique de. Dinâmica populacional e controle do ácaro Aceria litchii Keifer (Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) em plantas de lichia. 2013. vi, 58 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.