Projeto mecânico e análise térmica de tanques cilíndricos verticais com agitação e superfície de troca de calor
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Data
2009-10-16
Autores
Arfelli, Silvio Luiz [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo tem como objetivo utilizar expressões disponíveis na literatura para analisar a influência das diferentes geometrias dos tanques no coeficiente global de troca de calor. Optou-se por estudar o aquecimento do xarope de açúcar cristal por tratar-se de um produto largamente aplicado na fabricação de doces, alimentos e bebidas carbonatadas. Pesquisou-se na literatura as propriedades termodinâmicas e as características físicas do vapor d'água, da água e do xarope de açúcar, aplicados nos cálculos dos coeficientes de película e no balanço de energia do sistema térmico. Os estudos e simulações feitas com utilização do programa Geopack, para os tanques com relação T/H de 0,8 1,0 e 1,2 e impelidores com relação d/T de 02, 0,4 e 0,7, estabeleceram as faixas de valores para a rotação dos impelidores, velocidade média do produto, a capacidade de deslocamento volumétrico e a potência requerida, mantendo-se constante o número de impelidores e o nível de agitação. Aplicou-se a teoria clássica da transmissão de calor, os fundamentos da teoria da agitação, as considerações mecânicas e as equações apropriadas para o dimensionamento do tanque. Os resultados mostraram que os tanques mais esbeltos, com impelidor descentralizado, apresentam melhor aproveitamento. Concluiu-se que, na definição geométrica de um reator, a relação entre o diâmetro e a altura T/H deve ser menor que 1,0. Por sua vez, em decorrência da potência consumida, o impelidor com diâmetro igual a 0,4 do diâmetro do tanque, mostrou-se mais adequado. O emprego de pressões maiores para o vapor saturado reduz o tempo de processamento, embora possa implicar no aumento da espessura da chaparia e no consumo de combustível na caldeira.
This study have how objective to analyze expressions available in the literature for the calculation of the global coefficient of exchange of heat in tanks with different model geometric. It was opted to study the heating of the syrup of crystal sugar because of treating a product widely applied in the manufacture sweets, foods and carbonated drunks. Were investigated in the literature the properties thermodynamics and the physical characteristics of the steam of water, of the water and of the syrup of sugar, applieds in the calculations of the coefficients of film and in the swinging of energy of the thermal system. The studies and simulations done with the use of the program Geopack, for the tanks with the T/H *0,8, 1,0 and 1,2) and impellers with ratio d/T (0,2 0,4 and 0,7), established the range valves for the rotation of the impellers, average speed of the product, the capacity of volumetric dislocation and the applied power, when the number is remaining constant of impellers and the level of agitation. It was applied the classic theory of the transmission of heat, the foundations of the theory of agitation, the mechanical considerations and the appropriate equations for calculating the size of the tank. The results showed that the most slender tanks, impeller with decentralized, present better use. It was concluded that, in the geometrical definition of a reactor, the relation between the diameter and height of the back must be smaller than to 1,0. For its time, as a result of the consumed power, the impeller with equal diameter to 0,4 of the diameter of the tank, appeared more appropriate. The employment of the bigger pressures for the full steam reduces the time of processing, though it could tease in the increase of plate thickness and in the consumption of fuel in the boiler.
This study have how objective to analyze expressions available in the literature for the calculation of the global coefficient of exchange of heat in tanks with different model geometric. It was opted to study the heating of the syrup of crystal sugar because of treating a product widely applied in the manufacture sweets, foods and carbonated drunks. Were investigated in the literature the properties thermodynamics and the physical characteristics of the steam of water, of the water and of the syrup of sugar, applieds in the calculations of the coefficients of film and in the swinging of energy of the thermal system. The studies and simulations done with the use of the program Geopack, for the tanks with the T/H *0,8, 1,0 and 1,2) and impellers with ratio d/T (0,2 0,4 and 0,7), established the range valves for the rotation of the impellers, average speed of the product, the capacity of volumetric dislocation and the applied power, when the number is remaining constant of impellers and the level of agitation. It was applied the classic theory of the transmission of heat, the foundations of the theory of agitation, the mechanical considerations and the appropriate equations for calculating the size of the tank. The results showed that the most slender tanks, impeller with decentralized, present better use. It was concluded that, in the geometrical definition of a reactor, the relation between the diameter and height of the back must be smaller than to 1,0. For its time, as a result of the consumed power, the impeller with equal diameter to 0,4 of the diameter of the tank, appeared more appropriate. The employment of the bigger pressures for the full steam reduces the time of processing, though it could tease in the increase of plate thickness and in the consumption of fuel in the boiler.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tanques, Calor - Transmissão, Reatores, Tanks, Heat transfer, Reactors
Como citar
ARFELLI, Silvio Luiz. Projeto mecânico e análise térmica de tanques cilíndricos verticais com agitação e superfície de troca de calor. 2009. 56 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2009.