Síntese e caracterização de nanocatalisadores 'PtV'/C e 'PtCr'/C para cátodos de células a combustível de baixa temperatura
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Data
2011-08-12
Autores
Gentil, Ricardo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nanopartículas de PtV e PtCr, de composição nominal atômica 50:50, foram preparadas utilizando o método do poliol modificado, com adição de trietilborohidreto de lítio como segundo agente redutor, e suportadas em pó de carbono. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por difratometria de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e espectroscopia de absorção de raios X dispersivos. Para o catalisador de PtV/C, os resultados mostraram que o método de síntese produziu nanopartículas com um grau de liga inferior ao nominal, tamanho de partícula pequeno (3,7 nm) e uma estreita distribuição de tamanho de partícula. Mesmo com um grau de liga em torno de 5%, o catalisador de PtV/C apresentou uma atividade para a reação de redução de oxigênio (RRO) superior ao catalisador comercial de Pt/C, sendo mais ativo tanto na ausência quanto na presença de metanol. Tratamentos térmicos em atmosfera de hidrogênio puro foram realizados em temperaturas de 150°, 200° e 300° C permitiram aumentar ligeiramente o grau de liga do catalisador de PtV/C, mas, em contrapartida, promoveram outras variações nas características físicas e eletrocatalíticas. Para elucidar as mudanças estruturais foi realizado um estudo acompanhando os tratamentos térmicos por difratometria de raios X. Os resultados deste estudo, combinados com as informações obtidas do diagrama de fases do sistema PtV, permitiram interpretar as variações nas propriedades físicas e catalíticas observadas para os materiais tratados. Para o catalisador de PtCr/C, os resultados obtidos mostraram que a rota de síntese produziu nanopartículas com um tamanho médio de cristalito similar ao do catalisador de PtV/C, mas o catalisador de PtCr/C apresentou uma incorporação de Cr a fase liga superior à incorporação de vanádio para o catalisador de PtV/C. A atividade frente...
PtV and PtCr nanoparticles of atomic nominal composition 50:50 were prepared by a modified polyol method with addition of lithium triethyl borohydride as second reducing agent, and supported on carbon powder. The materials thus prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy and dispersive X-ray absortion spectroscopy. For the PtV/C catalyst, results showed that the synthesis method adopted produced nanoparticles with an alloying degree inferior to the nominal composition, small average particle size (3.7 nm) and narrow size distribution. Despite the low V incorporation into the alloy phase (about 5%), the PtV/C catalyst exhibited a catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) higher than a commercial Pt/C sample, even in the presence of methanol. Heat treatments in pure hydrogen atmosphere carried out at 150°, 200° e 300° C, produced a slight increase in the degree of alloying and, at the same time, promoted other variations in physical and electrocatalytic properties. To elucidate the structural changes, a study of thermal treatments was made while collecting at the same time X-ray diffraction data. The results of this study, combined with the information extracted from the phase diagram of the PtV system, allow interpreting the observed changes in physical and catalytic properties for the thermally treated materials. For the PtCr/C catalyst, the results obtained showed that the synthesis method produced nanoparticles with average crystallite size similar to that observed for PtV/C, but with larger incorporation of Cr into the Pt lattice in comparison with the amount of V incorporated into the alloy in the PtV/C sample. The ORR activity of PtCr/C is slightly inferior to that of PtV/C while it showed a smaller loss of performance in the presence of methanol. A study of the effects of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
PtV and PtCr nanoparticles of atomic nominal composition 50:50 were prepared by a modified polyol method with addition of lithium triethyl borohydride as second reducing agent, and supported on carbon powder. The materials thus prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy and dispersive X-ray absortion spectroscopy. For the PtV/C catalyst, results showed that the synthesis method adopted produced nanoparticles with an alloying degree inferior to the nominal composition, small average particle size (3.7 nm) and narrow size distribution. Despite the low V incorporation into the alloy phase (about 5%), the PtV/C catalyst exhibited a catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) higher than a commercial Pt/C sample, even in the presence of methanol. Heat treatments in pure hydrogen atmosphere carried out at 150°, 200° e 300° C, produced a slight increase in the degree of alloying and, at the same time, promoted other variations in physical and electrocatalytic properties. To elucidate the structural changes, a study of thermal treatments was made while collecting at the same time X-ray diffraction data. The results of this study, combined with the information extracted from the phase diagram of the PtV system, allow interpreting the observed changes in physical and catalytic properties for the thermally treated materials. For the PtCr/C catalyst, the results obtained showed that the synthesis method produced nanoparticles with average crystallite size similar to that observed for PtV/C, but with larger incorporation of Cr into the Pt lattice in comparison with the amount of V incorporated into the alloy in the PtV/C sample. The ORR activity of PtCr/C is slightly inferior to that of PtV/C while it showed a smaller loss of performance in the presence of methanol. A study of the effects of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Físico-química, Células à combustível, Fuel cells
Como citar
GENTIL, Ricardo. Síntese e caracterização de nanocatalisadores 'PtV'/C e 'PtCr'/C para cátodos de células a combustível de baixa temperatura. 2011. 121 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Química de Araraquara, 2011.