Avaliação do potencial de compostos naturais (argila, turfa e carvão) na remoção do Chumbo (Pb) e da toxicidade de um efluente industrial
Carregando...
Data
2013-09-20
Autores
Tomasella, Richard Clayton [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas últimas décadas, a elevada quantidade de efluentes descartados nos corpos hídricos, devido ao aumento das atividades industriais, tem contribuído para o agravamento de problemas ambientais, principalmente, em relação à preservação das águas superficiais e subterrâneas. Com isso, o mercado busca a cada dia novas técnicas e métodos mais eficientes e econômicos para a diminuição e eliminação de substâncias potencialmente tóxicas provindas de diversos processos industriais. Sendo assim, tratamentos com materiais adsorventes, entre eles, os argilominerais, as turfas orgânicas e os carvões estão sendo utilizados como forma de tratamentos alternativos para substituir ou complementar tratamentos convencionais existentes. Juntamente a esses métodos, a utilização de testes biológicos para avaliar e quantificar a toxicidade aguda (Daphnia similis) ou crônica (Ceriodaphnia dubia) auxilia no monitoramento dos rejeitos industriais avaliando a eficiência desses sistemas alternativos de tratamento de efluentes. A partir disto, o presente trabalho objetivou promover a redução da concentração do metal pesado chumbo (Pb2+) e da toxicidade de um efluente industrial utilizando o potencial de compostos naturais (argilominerais e turfa) e do carvão ativado como adsorventes em ensaios de batelada. Para esses ensaios utilizou-se 1g de cada composto para cada 100 mL de efluente contento 1,67 mg (Pb2+)/L, os quais foram avaliados em diferentes tempos de contato a temperatura constante de 25 oC. No experimento após 15 minutos, o carvão ativado removeu 99,4% do Pb2+ contido no efluente, enquanto que para os demais compostos a remoção do Pb2+ ocorreu progressivamente até o tempo avaliado de 24 hs, obtendo neste período uma remoção de 88,0% para argila VP, 73,6% para a argila A e 63,5% para a turfa. Além da remoção do chumbo, a toxicidade aguda...
Over the few decades, the high amount of effluents discharged in water bodies due to the increase of industrial activities, has contributed to the worsening of environmental problems, especially, in relation to the preservation of surface and groundwater. Thus, every day, the market demands new cheeper and more efficient techniques and methods for the reduction and elimination of potentially toxic substances emanating from industrial processes. Thus, treatment with adsorptive materials, among them, mineral clay, organic peat and activated charcoal are being conducted as alternative treatment forms in order to replace or supplement conventional treatments. Along with these methods, the use of biological tests to evaluate and quantify the acute (Daphnia similis) or chronic (Ceriodaphnia dubia) toxicity, assist in the monitoring of industrial wastes, evaluating of the effectiveness of these alternative systems of wastewater treatment. From this, the present study aimed to promote a decrease of the heavy metal lead (Pb2+) concentration and the toxicity of an industrial effluent using the potential of natural compounds (clay and peat) and activated charcoal as adsorbents in batch tests. For these tests 1g (compound) per 100 ml (effluent) containing 1.67 mg (Pb2+)/L were used, and were assessed at different contact times at a constant temperature (25oC). After 15 minutes, the activated charcoal removed 99.4% of Pb2+ contained in the effluent, while for the other compounds the removal of Pb2+ happened progressively until the estimated time of 24 hours, obtaining in this period a removal of 88.0% for PV clay, 73.6% for A clay and 63.5% for peat. In addition to the removal of lead, the acute and chronic toxicity was also evaluated. After treatment, 100% of acute toxicity was decreased when using activated charcoal and a reduction greater... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Over the few decades, the high amount of effluents discharged in water bodies due to the increase of industrial activities, has contributed to the worsening of environmental problems, especially, in relation to the preservation of surface and groundwater. Thus, every day, the market demands new cheeper and more efficient techniques and methods for the reduction and elimination of potentially toxic substances emanating from industrial processes. Thus, treatment with adsorptive materials, among them, mineral clay, organic peat and activated charcoal are being conducted as alternative treatment forms in order to replace or supplement conventional treatments. Along with these methods, the use of biological tests to evaluate and quantify the acute (Daphnia similis) or chronic (Ceriodaphnia dubia) toxicity, assist in the monitoring of industrial wastes, evaluating of the effectiveness of these alternative systems of wastewater treatment. From this, the present study aimed to promote a decrease of the heavy metal lead (Pb2+) concentration and the toxicity of an industrial effluent using the potential of natural compounds (clay and peat) and activated charcoal as adsorbents in batch tests. For these tests 1g (compound) per 100 ml (effluent) containing 1.67 mg (Pb2+)/L were used, and were assessed at different contact times at a constant temperature (25oC). After 15 minutes, the activated charcoal removed 99.4% of Pb2+ contained in the effluent, while for the other compounds the removal of Pb2+ happened progressively until the estimated time of 24 hours, obtaining in this period a removal of 88.0% for PV clay, 73.6% for A clay and 63.5% for peat. In addition to the removal of lead, the acute and chronic toxicity was also evaluated. After treatment, 100% of acute toxicity was decreased when using activated charcoal and a reduction greater... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Environmental engineering, Engenharia ambiental, Argila, Resíduos industriais, Turfa, Toxicidade Aguda, Resíduos industriais - Purificação, Carvão, Chumbo, Toxicologia
Como citar
TOMASELLA, Richard Clayton. Avaliação do potencial de compostos naturais (argila, turfa e carvão) na remoção do Chumbo (Pb) e da toxicidade de um efluente industrial. 2013. 100 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2013.