Mapeamento da sensibilidade ambiental do litoral de Ubatuba-SP a vazamentos de petróleo
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Data
2009-03-10
Autores
Rocha, Tiago de Carvalho Franca [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Aproximadamente 10% da poluição global nos oceanos são oriundos de derramamento de óleo e derivados originados do transporte marítimo. Como medida de precaução aos impactos gerados e com o objetivo de minimizar os danos, governos e empresas vêm estruturando a preparação e o planejamento para resposta a estes incidentes. As cartas de sensibilidade a vazamento de óleo (cartas SAO) constituem um dos principais instrumentos de gerenciamento e balizamento das ações de combate e limpeza dos ambientes costeiros atingidos por óleo. Constituem uma ampla fonte de informação sobre a zona costeira, principalmente referente à faixa litorânea, apresentando informações geográficas relativas aos aspectos socioeconômico, biológico-ecológicos e geomorfológicos. O presente estudo apresenta como objetivo geral a elaboração de cartas SAO da porção continental do litoral do município de Ubatuba, São Paulo, apresentando um amplo diagnóstico das características ambientais da área. A metodologia adotada foi baseada nas Especificações e Normas Técnicas para Elaboração das Cartas de Sensibilidade Ambiental a Derramamentos de Óleo, e seus Anexos, desenvolvida pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA, 2004). As cartas SAO apresentadas possuem caráter operacional, na escala de 1:30.000 e tático 1:80.000, o que possibilita uma elevada escala de detalhes. O município de Ubatuba representa a região mais preservada e conservada de todo o litoral norte paulista, abrigando, em aproximadamente 200 quilômetros de linha de costa, ecossistemas com alto índice de sensibilidade ao óleo. È representado por seis pequenas baías, com 76 segmentos de praias, 118 de litoral rochoso, 8 barras de rio e 4 estruturas artificiais, além de fragmentos de manguezal, planícies de maré, laguna e lagoas. Muitos destes ecossistemas se encontram em área protegida por unidades de conservação, com difícil...
Approximately 10 % of the global pollution in the oceans is originated from oil and spills derivates that come from the sea transportation. Like measure of precaution to the produced impacts and with the objective to minimize the damages, governments and enterprises are structuring the preparation and the projection as an answer to these incidents. The sensitivity to leak of oil letters (“cartas SAO”) constitute one of the most important management and marking instruments of combat and cleaning of the coastal environments reached by oil actions. They constitute an important source of information about the coastal zone, specially referring to the shoreline, presenting geographical information related to the socioeconomic, biologicalecological and geomorphologic aspects. The present study presents as a general objective the preparation of “cartas SAO” from the continental portion of the Ubatuba county coast, in Sao Paulo, presenting a rich diagnosis of the environmental characteristics of the area. The adopted methodology was based on the Specifications and Technical Standards for Preparation of the Environmental Sensitivity to Spilling of Oil Letters, and its annexes, developed by the “Ministério do Meio Ambiente”, Brazil (MMA, 2004). The “cartas SAO” presented have operational character, in the scale of 1:30.000 and tactic 1:800.000, which makes an elevated scale of details possible. The Ubatuba County represents the most preserved region of the whole São Paulo northern coast, sheltering, in approximately 200 kilometers coast line, ecosystems with high rate of oil sensitivity. It’s represented by six small bays, with 76 beaches segments, 118 of rocky coast, 8 estuaries and 4 artificial structures, besides mangrove fragments, tide plains, lagoon and ponds. A great deal of these ecosystems is in protected by conservation unities area, with difficult access, and others are... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Approximately 10 % of the global pollution in the oceans is originated from oil and spills derivates that come from the sea transportation. Like measure of precaution to the produced impacts and with the objective to minimize the damages, governments and enterprises are structuring the preparation and the projection as an answer to these incidents. The sensitivity to leak of oil letters (“cartas SAO”) constitute one of the most important management and marking instruments of combat and cleaning of the coastal environments reached by oil actions. They constitute an important source of information about the coastal zone, specially referring to the shoreline, presenting geographical information related to the socioeconomic, biologicalecological and geomorphologic aspects. The present study presents as a general objective the preparation of “cartas SAO” from the continental portion of the Ubatuba county coast, in Sao Paulo, presenting a rich diagnosis of the environmental characteristics of the area. The adopted methodology was based on the Specifications and Technical Standards for Preparation of the Environmental Sensitivity to Spilling of Oil Letters, and its annexes, developed by the “Ministério do Meio Ambiente”, Brazil (MMA, 2004). The “cartas SAO” presented have operational character, in the scale of 1:30.000 and tactic 1:800.000, which makes an elevated scale of details possible. The Ubatuba County represents the most preserved region of the whole São Paulo northern coast, sheltering, in approximately 200 kilometers coast line, ecosystems with high rate of oil sensitivity. It’s represented by six small bays, with 76 beaches segments, 118 of rocky coast, 8 estuaries and 4 artificial structures, besides mangrove fragments, tide plains, lagoon and ponds. A great deal of these ecosystems is in protected by conservation unities area, with difficult access, and others are... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ecologia aquatica, Petróleo, Ubatuba (SP), Cartas SAO, Sensibilidade costeira, Aquatic ecology
Como citar
ROCHA, Tiago de Carvalho Franca. Mapeamento da sensibilidade ambiental do litoral de Ubatuba-SP a vazamentos de petróleo. 2008. 129 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2008.