Análise dos impactos na construção civil: avaliação do ciclo de vida em chapas de partículas para forros
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Data
2010-09-24
Autores
Santos, Maria Fernanda Nóbrega dos [UNESP]
Título da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em virtude da pressão exercida pelos diversos segmentos da sociedade, para que o setor da construção civil se torne ambientalmente mais adequado, muito tem se discutido a respeito do aproveitamento de resíduos na produção de materiais de construção e uma infinidade de pesquisas vem sendo desenvolvidas com este objetivo. Porém, antes que estes produtos possam ser chamados de sustentáveis e que efetivamente um sitema de reciclagem seja implantado, é imprescindível que se compreendam todas as consequências envolvidas nesta ação e, principalmente, quais os reais ganhos para o ambiente (e para o setor) se isto ocorrer. Para que se possa obter um quadro geral dos impactos ambientais associados a estes produtos, uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas é a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV), que vem sendo cada vez mais aceita como resposta às indagações ambientais do novo milênio. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para um maior entendimento a respeito dos impactos ambientais na construção civil, por meio da realização de um estudo comparativo de ACV dos diferentes tipos de chapas de partículas fabricadas a partir de resíduos, que vêm sendo desenvolvidas na Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), campus de Bauru. As chapas foram fabricadas a partir dos seguintes resíduos: bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp); folhas caulinares do bambu (Dendrocalamus giganteus); cavacos provenientes do beneficiamento das madeiras pinos (Pinus elliotti) e imbuia (Ocotea porosa). O estudo foi desenvolvido com base nas orientações metodológicas da série de Normas NBR ISO 14040 (2009), a unidade funcional adotada foi o m² das chapas e para avaliação dos impactos foi empregado o método EDIP. De acordo os resultados, as chapas produzidas a partir das folhas do bambu apresentaram o menor potencial de impacto ambiental, na maioria das categorias avaliadas. Em...
Regarding the pressure from various sectors of the society, the construction industry is becoming more concerned about the environment impacts associated at its activities, and recently, particular attention has being devoted to the use of waste in construction materials ans several research projects have been developed in this field. However, before labeling these products as sustainable and before initiate the production of any product based on recycling, it is necessary to comprehend all the steps involved in this action, and mainly, to quantify the real gains for the environment (and for the industry) associated to it. In the evaluation of the environmental impacts associated with these products, the most used tool is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is being increasingly accepted in research for the environmental goals of the new millennium. Therefore, the main objective of this master thesis was to study the environmental impacts in the construction, namely through the completion of a comparative LCA of different types of particleboards made of residues, which have being developed at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus of Bauru. The boards were manufactured using the following residues: sugar cane bagasse (saccharum spp); bamboo stalk leaves (Dendrocalamus giganteus); pieces from the processing of pine wood (Pinus elliottii) and imbuia (Ocotea porosa). The study was developed based on the methodological guidelines included in the standards series NBR ISO 14040 (2009). The functional unit adopted was the square meter of boards, and the EDIP method was employed for the impacts assessment. The results demonstrate that the boards produced of bamboo stalk leaves had the least environmental impact potential in most the evaluated categories. In contrast, the boards made of pine particles showed the largest environmental impact potential. Among the factors that most ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Regarding the pressure from various sectors of the society, the construction industry is becoming more concerned about the environment impacts associated at its activities, and recently, particular attention has being devoted to the use of waste in construction materials ans several research projects have been developed in this field. However, before labeling these products as sustainable and before initiate the production of any product based on recycling, it is necessary to comprehend all the steps involved in this action, and mainly, to quantify the real gains for the environment (and for the industry) associated to it. In the evaluation of the environmental impacts associated with these products, the most used tool is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is being increasingly accepted in research for the environmental goals of the new millennium. Therefore, the main objective of this master thesis was to study the environmental impacts in the construction, namely through the completion of a comparative LCA of different types of particleboards made of residues, which have being developed at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus of Bauru. The boards were manufactured using the following residues: sugar cane bagasse (saccharum spp); bamboo stalk leaves (Dendrocalamus giganteus); pieces from the processing of pine wood (Pinus elliottii) and imbuia (Ocotea porosa). The study was developed based on the methodological guidelines included in the standards series NBR ISO 14040 (2009). The functional unit adopted was the square meter of boards, and the EDIP method was employed for the impacts assessment. The results demonstrate that the boards produced of bamboo stalk leaves had the least environmental impact potential in most the evaluated categories. In contrast, the boards made of pine particles showed the largest environmental impact potential. Among the factors that most ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Industria de construção civil - Aspectos ambientais, Desenvolvimento sustentável, Resíduos, Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV), Life cycle assessment (LCA), Construction, Particleboards
Como citar
SANTOS, Maria Fernanda Nóbrega dos. Análise dos impactos na construção civil: avaliação do ciclo de vida em chapas de partículas para forros. 2010. 150 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia, 2010.