Uso de água residuária com diferentes sistemas de irrigação no desenvolvimento e na qualidade microbiológica do meloeiro
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Data
2004-06-22
Autores
Peres, Milene Rodrigues [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento da população mundial, aliado à atividade humana e ao fenômeno da urbanização, torna necessário uma disposição eficiente e ambientalmente segura das águas residuárias (esgotos). Deve-se ressaltar que os resíduos orgânicos presentes nestas águas são fontes riquíssimas de matéria orgânica e nutrientes minerais, elementos necessários à produção das culturas. O uso de esgotos tratados, principalmente de origem doméstica na irrigação de culturas, tem sido praticado em muitos países há muitos séculos. Nos países em desenvolvimento ou em processo de industrialização acelerada existe atualmente uma grande necessidade do desenvolvimento de métodos para atender à crescente demanda de água, particularmente para irrigação, e de proteger os mananciais existentes contra a poluição. Conforme esta demanda cresce, o tratamento e uso de águas residuárias vai se tornando mais importante. Em quase todos os países do Oriente Médio grandes projetos de reuso foram e continuam a ser implantados para atender a irrigação e reservar os limitados mananciais existentes para o abastecimento de água potável. Há um enorme potencial de reuso de águas residuárias na agricultura, entretanto, este uso requer estudos que orientem sua aplicação. É fundamental que se inicie o desenvolvimento de padrões e códigos de uso, visando uma atividade sustentada, ecologicamente compatível e isenta de riscos à saúde pública dos grupos de risco envolvidos. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar o uso do esgoto doméstico tratado na irrigação de melão. Foram testadas duas formas de aplicação da água de irrigação: esgoto doméstico tratado e uma fonte de água limpa, com três sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento superficial, gotejamento enterrado e sulco). Foram avaliados o desempenho agronômico e o grau de contaminação do produto agrícola...
The increase of the world population, ally to the human activity and the phenomenon of the urbanization, turns necessary an efficient disposition of wastewater (sewers). It should be emphasized that the present organic residues in wastewaters are rich sources of organic matter and nutrients minerals, necessary elements to the production of the crops. The use of treated sewers, mainly of domestic origin in the irrigation of crops, it has been practiced in many countries from many centuries. In the developing countries exists a great need of the development of methods to assist to crescent demand of water, particularly for irrigation, and of protecting the existent springs against the pollution. As this demand grows, the treatment and use of wastewater goes if turning more important. In almost all of the countries of Middle East projects have been implanted to assist the irrigation and to reserve the limited existent springs for the drinkable water supply. There is an enormous potential of wastewater use in the agriculture, however, this use requests studies to guide its application. It is fundamental that it begins the development of patterns and use codes, seeking a sustained activity, ecologically compatible and it exempts from risks to the public health of the risk groups involved. This dissertation had as objective evaluate the use of domestic wastewater in the melon irrigation. Two water qualities were evaluated: domestic wastewater and a source of clean water, with three irrigation systems (surface drip, subsurface drip and furrow). They were appraised the agronomic acting and the degree of contamination of the agricultural product, for each combination of quality of the water and adopted overhead irrigation. The results showed us that the irrigation systems didn't differ considering the melon yield. The use of wastewater didn't bring benefits for the increase of the productivity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The increase of the world population, ally to the human activity and the phenomenon of the urbanization, turns necessary an efficient disposition of wastewater (sewers). It should be emphasized that the present organic residues in wastewaters are rich sources of organic matter and nutrients minerals, necessary elements to the production of the crops. The use of treated sewers, mainly of domestic origin in the irrigation of crops, it has been practiced in many countries from many centuries. In the developing countries exists a great need of the development of methods to assist to crescent demand of water, particularly for irrigation, and of protecting the existent springs against the pollution. As this demand grows, the treatment and use of wastewater goes if turning more important. In almost all of the countries of Middle East projects have been implanted to assist the irrigation and to reserve the limited existent springs for the drinkable water supply. There is an enormous potential of wastewater use in the agriculture, however, this use requests studies to guide its application. It is fundamental that it begins the development of patterns and use codes, seeking a sustained activity, ecologically compatible and it exempts from risks to the public health of the risk groups involved. This dissertation had as objective evaluate the use of domestic wastewater in the melon irrigation. Two water qualities were evaluated: domestic wastewater and a source of clean water, with three irrigation systems (surface drip, subsurface drip and furrow). They were appraised the agronomic acting and the degree of contamination of the agricultural product, for each combination of quality of the water and adopted overhead irrigation. The results showed us that the irrigation systems didn't differ considering the melon yield. The use of wastewater didn't bring benefits for the increase of the productivity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aguas residuais de irrigação, Irrigação, Melão, Effluent irrigation, Irrigation, Melon
Como citar
PERES, Milene Rodrigues. Uso de água residuária com diferentes sistemas de irrigação no desenvolvimento e na qualidade microbiológica do meloeiro. 2004. viii, 50 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista , Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2004.