Diversidade bacteriana em piscicultura neotropical
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Data
2013-02-22
Autores
Meneghine, Aylan Kener [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A aquicultura é uma atividade que está em contínuo crescimento, desta forma os ecossistemas aquáticos utilizados para tal atividade acabam sofrendo alterações nas condições da água e na comunidade microbiana do local. No presente trabalho, compararam-se as comunidades bacterianas presentes em águas de dois viveiros de piscicultura, um utilizado como reservatório de água (V1) e o outro com condições de elevada carga de nutrientes (V4), os quais estão inseridos em um sistema sequencial com fluxo contínuo de água (seis viveiros). A escolha dos viveiros V1 e V4, foi baseada em estudos anteriores no qual foi evidenciado um alto grau de eutrofização neste local. As coletas de água foram realizadas em dois períodos distintos um na seca (Julho e Agosto/2012) e outro na chuva (Janeiro e Fevereiro/2012). A comunidade bacteriana foi avaliada através do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. A população bacteriana variou significativamente entre os dois viveiros e segundo a estação anual, seca ou chuva. No viveiro 1 observou-se uma grande proporção de Proteobacterias, em ambos os períodos, entretanto houve mudanças nas classes deste grupo, a maioria β-Proteobacterias (chuvas) e uma proporção equivalente de β e α-Proteobacterias (seca). No viveiro 4, foi observada uma alta frequência de Cyanobacterias principalmente na estação de seca, aproximadamente 80% da população bacteriana do local, enquanto no período de chuvas este grupo foi menor. A comparação da população bacteriana dos dois viveiros estudados em épocas distintas mostrou que as bactérias nestes locais variam de acordo com o período hidrológico e estão intimamente ligadas com a concentração de nutrientes do local. Estas diferenças são importantes na participação dos ciclos biogeoquímicos, principalmente envolvendo os ciclos do nitrogênio e fósforo e a sanidade do sistema aquático.
The aquaculture is an activity that is continuous growing, in this way aquatic ecosystems used for such activity end up suffer changes in water conditions and microbial community local. In this study, we compared the bacterial communities present in waters of two fish farm ponds, a used as water reservoir (V1) and the other with conditions of high nutrient load (V4), which are inserted in a sequential system with continous water flow (six ponds). The choice of nurseries V1 and V4 was based on previous studies in which evidenced a high degree of eutrophication in this location. The water sampling were conducted in two distinct periods one in dry season (July and August/2012) and another in the rain (January and February/2012). The bacterial community was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA. The bacterial population varied significantly between the two ponds and according to season annual, dry or rain. In the pond 1 there was a large proportion of proteobacteria, in both periods, however there were changes in the classes of this group, most β-Proteobacteria (rain) and an equivalent proportion of β and α-proteobacteria (dry). In pond 4, we observed a high frequency of cyanobacteria mainly during the dry season, approximately 80% of the bacterial population of the place, while in the rainy season this group was lower. A comparison of the bacterial population of the two ponds studied at different times showed that the bacteria at these sites varies according to the period hydrological and are closely linked with nutrient concentration local. These differences are important in the participation in biogeochemical cycles, especially involving the cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus and health of the aquatic system.
The aquaculture is an activity that is continuous growing, in this way aquatic ecosystems used for such activity end up suffer changes in water conditions and microbial community local. In this study, we compared the bacterial communities present in waters of two fish farm ponds, a used as water reservoir (V1) and the other with conditions of high nutrient load (V4), which are inserted in a sequential system with continous water flow (six ponds). The choice of nurseries V1 and V4 was based on previous studies in which evidenced a high degree of eutrophication in this location. The water sampling were conducted in two distinct periods one in dry season (July and August/2012) and another in the rain (January and February/2012). The bacterial community was assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA. The bacterial population varied significantly between the two ponds and according to season annual, dry or rain. In the pond 1 there was a large proportion of proteobacteria, in both periods, however there were changes in the classes of this group, most β-Proteobacteria (rain) and an equivalent proportion of β and α-proteobacteria (dry). In pond 4, we observed a high frequency of cyanobacteria mainly during the dry season, approximately 80% of the bacterial population of the place, while in the rainy season this group was lower. A comparison of the bacterial population of the two ponds studied at different times showed that the bacteria at these sites varies according to the period hydrological and are closely linked with nutrient concentration local. These differences are important in the participation in biogeochemical cycles, especially involving the cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus and health of the aquatic system.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bactérias, Agua - Analise, Água, Bacteriologia, Water - Bacteriology
Como citar
MENEGHINE, Aylan Kener. Diversidade bacteriana em piscicultura neotropical. 2013. vii, 52 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.