Avaliação do método de Iwatsu et al., (1981) para isolamento de leveduras negras do solo, degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos
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Data
2008-05-09
Autores
Satow, Marcela Miura [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Fungos do grupo das leveduras negras têm revelado grande potencial em degradar compostos aromáticos como únicas fontes de carbono, capacidade de sobreviver sob atmosferas contendo hidrocarbonetos e habitar nichos com baixa concentração de nutrientes. Apesar do potencial de aplicação destes nas áreas ambiental e industrial, sua ecologia é pouco conhecida e seu isolamento na natureza ainda é difícil. A técnica de flotação em óleo (IWATSU et al., 1981) é aplicada com sucesso para recuperação de leveduras negras provenientes da natureza. No entanto, os mecanismos envolvidos neste método são desconhecidos. Assim, neste trabalho, testaram-se três hipóteses de seleção da técnica: hidrofobicidade celular, assimilação de hidrocarbonetos e oligotrofismo. A metodologia foi aplicada em amostras de solo de “landfarming” da Refinaria do Planalto Paulista (REPLAN). Cepas isoladas e padrão foram submetidas aos testes para verificação das hipóteses formuladas. A hidrofobicidade celular das cepas foi verificada mediante quantificação da concentração celular da suspensão na fase oleosa após agitação com hidrocarboneto. Os testes de assimilação de hidrocarbonetos e oligotrofismo foram realizados mediante análises de curvas de crescimento obtidas por leituras de absorbância. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o solo de “landfarming” é um local propício para o estudo de leveduras negras, uma vez que 107 cepas foram recuperadas e a análise molecular revelou uma espécie nova: Cladophialophora immunda. O teste de hidrofobicidade indicou que, a hidrofobicidade celular pode não ser o principal fator seletivo, pois espécies hidrofóbicas e hidrofílicas foram recuperadas pela técnica em estudo. A maioria das cepas de leveduras negras testadas apresentou crescimento em meio contendo hidrocarbonetos como fontes únicas de carbono,...
Black yeast fungi have shown great potential to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons as single carbon source, ability to survive under atmospheres with hydrocarbons and to live in niches poor in nutrient. Despite the application potential of these fungi in the environmental and industrial areas, the knowledge about their ecology is incomplete and their isolation from nature is still difficult. The oil flotation technique (IWATSU et al., 1981) has been succeed on the black yeast strains recovery from nature, however, mechanisms involved in this method are still unknown. The present study tests three hypothesis on its selective mechanisms: cell surface hydrophobicity, hydrocarbon assimilation and oligotrophism. The methodology was applied in landfarming soil samples from Planalto Paulísta Refinery (REPLAN). Six isolates and control strains were submitted to experiments to verify the hypothesis done. Hydrophobicity was studied through quantification of oil-phase cell concentration after shaking the cell suspension with hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon assimilation and oligotrophism were verified by analyzing the growth curves obtained with absorbance data. The results showed that landfarming soil has great potential for black yeast isolation, as 107 strains were recovered and a new species – Cladophialophora immunda- was revealed by molecular analyzes. Hydrophobicity test showed that cell hydrophobicity could not be the main selective factor, since hydrophobic and hydrophillic strains were recovered. Growth in media with hydrocarbons as sole carbon source was observed in the majority of the tested black yeast strains, indicating that hydrocarbon assimilation or tolerance to these substances could be the selective factors of the method. Exophiala xenobiotica was able to grow in the poor media tested, what suggests that this substrate with the addition of hydrocarbons could be used for the isolation...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Black yeast fungi have shown great potential to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons as single carbon source, ability to survive under atmospheres with hydrocarbons and to live in niches poor in nutrient. Despite the application potential of these fungi in the environmental and industrial areas, the knowledge about their ecology is incomplete and their isolation from nature is still difficult. The oil flotation technique (IWATSU et al., 1981) has been succeed on the black yeast strains recovery from nature, however, mechanisms involved in this method are still unknown. The present study tests three hypothesis on its selective mechanisms: cell surface hydrophobicity, hydrocarbon assimilation and oligotrophism. The methodology was applied in landfarming soil samples from Planalto Paulísta Refinery (REPLAN). Six isolates and control strains were submitted to experiments to verify the hypothesis done. Hydrophobicity was studied through quantification of oil-phase cell concentration after shaking the cell suspension with hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon assimilation and oligotrophism were verified by analyzing the growth curves obtained with absorbance data. The results showed that landfarming soil has great potential for black yeast isolation, as 107 strains were recovered and a new species – Cladophialophora immunda- was revealed by molecular analyzes. Hydrophobicity test showed that cell hydrophobicity could not be the main selective factor, since hydrophobic and hydrophillic strains were recovered. Growth in media with hydrocarbons as sole carbon source was observed in the majority of the tested black yeast strains, indicating that hydrocarbon assimilation or tolerance to these substances could be the selective factors of the method. Exophiala xenobiotica was able to grow in the poor media tested, what suggests that this substrate with the addition of hydrocarbons could be used for the isolation...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Fungos, Flotação, Flotação em óleo, Landfarming, Fungi
Como citar
SATOW, Marcela Miura. Avaliação do método de Iwatsu et al., (1981) para isolamento de leveduras negras do solo, degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos. 2008. 87 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2008.