Desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para produção de xarope de glicose a partir do amido
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Data
2012-04-18
Autores
Freitas, Aline Costa de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As amilases são enzimas que catalisam a hidrólise do amido, dentre as quais se destaca a α-amilase, a β-amilase e a glicoamilase. Apresentam grande importância biotecnológica devido sua aplicação em vários processos industriais, principalmente alimentício. Podem ser obtidas de plantas, animais e microorganismos, no entanto, enzimas microbianas encontram maior demanda industrial. Além da importância econômica destas enzimas, novas metodologias têm sido desenvolvidas com resíduos como substrato para muitos processos industriais. A utilização de resíduos agro-industriais não só contribui para minimizar o impacto ambiental como atribui um valor econômico a esses substratos. Além disso, a imobilização de enzimas tem sido uma estratégia utilizada para a condução de bioprocessos, uma vez que os biocatalisadores imobilizados podem ser reutilizados em processos contínuos reduzindo custos de produção. Neste trabalho foi comparada a produção de amilases de dois fungos importantes para a indústria de alimentos, Rhizopus oryzae e Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus em fermentação submersa avaliando posteriormente os melhores métodos de imobilização da enzima, visando a produção de xarope de glicose. Os resultados mostraram que a farinha de trigo tipo II foi melhor ao farelo de mandioca e à farinha de mandioca como fonte de carbono na fermentação. As condições definidas para a fermentação foram: temperatura de 30°C e 96 h de tempo de fermentação para ambos os micro-organismos. O melhor pH para a atividade enzimática de Rhizopus oryzae foi 5,0, e de Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus foi 4,0 e 5,0. Ambas as enzimas apresentaram 100% de estabilidade em pH 4,0 a 7,0. A melhor temperatura para a atividade enzimática da amilase de R. oryzae foi 50°C e de R. oligosporus foram 60°C e 65°C. Ambas as...
Amylases are enzymes that catalyze starch hydrolysis, among which stands out α-amylase, β-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes have great importance due to its biotechnological application in various industrial processes, especially in food industry, among others. Also, they can be obtained from plants, animals and microorganisms, however microbial enzymes are the highest industrial demand. Besides economic importance, new methodologies has been developed with agricultural waste as substrate for many industrial processes. Bio-waste application in agro-industry not only minimizes environmental impacts as it increases economic value attached to these substrates. Immobilized enzymes is one strategy being used to conduct bio-processes, since immobilized biocatalysts can be reused in continuous processes and lowering production costs. In this paper two important fungi amylases from Rhizopus oryzae e Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus were characterized for enzyme production by optimal conditions and immobilization techniques, in order to produce glucose syrup. Results showed that type II wheat flour was better than cassava bagasse and cassava flour as fermentation’s carbon source. Fermentation conditions were: temperature 30°C during 96 hours for both microorganisms. Best enzymatic pH activity of Rhizopus oryzae was achieved at 5.0, and for Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus was 4.0 and 5.0. Both enzymes showed 100% stability from pH 4.0 to 7.0. The best temperature for amylase enzymatic activity of R. oryzae was 50°C and R. oligosporus were 60°C and 65°C. Both enzymes were 100% stable at temperature range of 20°C to 40°C, however the enzyme of R. oligosporus were more stable at temperatures above 50°C than R. oryzae. The products of starch enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed by... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Amylases are enzymes that catalyze starch hydrolysis, among which stands out α-amylase, β-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes have great importance due to its biotechnological application in various industrial processes, especially in food industry, among others. Also, they can be obtained from plants, animals and microorganisms, however microbial enzymes are the highest industrial demand. Besides economic importance, new methodologies has been developed with agricultural waste as substrate for many industrial processes. Bio-waste application in agro-industry not only minimizes environmental impacts as it increases economic value attached to these substrates. Immobilized enzymes is one strategy being used to conduct bio-processes, since immobilized biocatalysts can be reused in continuous processes and lowering production costs. In this paper two important fungi amylases from Rhizopus oryzae e Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus were characterized for enzyme production by optimal conditions and immobilization techniques, in order to produce glucose syrup. Results showed that type II wheat flour was better than cassava bagasse and cassava flour as fermentation’s carbon source. Fermentation conditions were: temperature 30°C during 96 hours for both microorganisms. Best enzymatic pH activity of Rhizopus oryzae was achieved at 5.0, and for Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus was 4.0 and 5.0. Both enzymes showed 100% stability from pH 4.0 to 7.0. The best temperature for amylase enzymatic activity of R. oryzae was 50°C and R. oligosporus were 60°C and 65°C. Both enzymes were 100% stable at temperature range of 20°C to 40°C, however the enzyme of R. oligosporus were more stable at temperatures above 50°C than R. oryzae. The products of starch enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed by... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Enzimas, Amilase, Fermentação, Hidrolise
Como citar
FREITAS, Aline Costa de. Desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para produção de xarope de glicose a partir do amido. 2012. 100 f. Dissertação - (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2012.