Biodegradação e avaliação fitotoxicológica do diesel e do biodiesel
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Data
2013-05-28
Autores
Tamada, Ivo Shodji [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Mudanças climáticas, efeito estufa, degradação do meio ambiente são termos que ultimamente ganharam força devido às catástrofes ambientais mais frequentes. Por isso uma nova consciência sobre formas de energia, produção e consumo marcam esse século. Fontes de energia renovável e/ou menos poluente tem se tornado uma alternativa viável e politicamente correta, como é o caso do biodiesel. O biodiesel puro (B100) é formado, principalmente, pelo processo de transesterificação, no qual a glicerina do óleo vegetal ou gordura animal é removida da molécula. O Conselho Nacional de Políticas Energéticas (CNPE) estabeleceu, de acordo com a Resolução no 6 de 16 de setembro de 2009, que o diesel comercializado no Brasil deve apresentar 5% de biodiesel em volume, determinação que entrou em vigor no dia 1 de janeiro de 2010. A utilização crescente do biodiesel é evidente em todo o mundo, desta forma este trabalho propõe um estudo de biodegradação do diesel, biodiesel (de origem animal e vegetal) e suas misturas, além de avaliações toxicológias durante a biodegradação em solo. Para a análise de biodegradação foi utilizado duas técnicas, a de respirometria, utilizando respirômetros de Bartha e método colorimétrico baseada no indicador 2,6-dicloroindofenol (DCPIP). Para as avaliações toxicológicas foram utilizadas sementes de rúcula (Eruca sativa), sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa) e sementes de pepino (Cucumis sativus), observando a inibição do crescimento de plântulas e o índice de germinação (IG, relação da germinação e crescimento da raiz em comparação ao controle negativo) em 5 tempos de biodegradação em solo, sendo zero, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias de biodegradação. A biodegradação pelo método respirométrico mostrou que o biodiesel de origem animal tem maior taxa de degradação e em sistemas que...
Climate change, global warming, environmental degradation are terms that lately gained strength due to environmental disasters more frequent. Therefore a new awareness about energy forms, production and consumption are evident in this century. Source of renewable energy or less polluting has become a viable and politically correct, such the biodiesel. The pure biodiesel (B100) is formed mainly by the transesterification process, which the glycerin of vegetable oil or animal fat is removed from the molecule. The National Energy Policy Council (CNPE) established in accordance with Resolution 6 on September 16, 2009, the diesel sold in Brazil must provide 5% biodiesel by volume, determining which entered into force on January 1, 2010. The increasing use of biodiesel is evident throughout the world, thus this paper proposes to study the biodegradation of diesel and biodiesel (animal and vegetable origins) and mixtures, and toxicology evaluations during biodegradation in soil. For analysis of biodegradation was used two techniques, the respirometry technique using respirometers Bartha & Pramer and colorimetric technique based on indicator 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP). For toxicological evaluations were used seeds of arugula (Eruca sativa), lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa) and seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), observing the inhibition of seedling growth and germination index (GI, ratio of germination and growth of root compared to the negative control) in 5 days of biodegradation in soil: zero, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days of biodegradation time. Biodegradation by respirometric method showed that biodiesel from animal origin have higher degradation and systems that have surfactant favoritism occur in mixtures with higher diesel. The colorimetry with DCPIP biodiesel of animal fat and biodiesel of vegetable oils are more efficient than mixtures... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Climate change, global warming, environmental degradation are terms that lately gained strength due to environmental disasters more frequent. Therefore a new awareness about energy forms, production and consumption are evident in this century. Source of renewable energy or less polluting has become a viable and politically correct, such the biodiesel. The pure biodiesel (B100) is formed mainly by the transesterification process, which the glycerin of vegetable oil or animal fat is removed from the molecule. The National Energy Policy Council (CNPE) established in accordance with Resolution 6 on September 16, 2009, the diesel sold in Brazil must provide 5% biodiesel by volume, determining which entered into force on January 1, 2010. The increasing use of biodiesel is evident throughout the world, thus this paper proposes to study the biodegradation of diesel and biodiesel (animal and vegetable origins) and mixtures, and toxicology evaluations during biodegradation in soil. For analysis of biodegradation was used two techniques, the respirometry technique using respirometers Bartha & Pramer and colorimetric technique based on indicator 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP). For toxicological evaluations were used seeds of arugula (Eruca sativa), lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa) and seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), observing the inhibition of seedling growth and germination index (GI, ratio of germination and growth of root compared to the negative control) in 5 days of biodegradation in soil: zero, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days of biodegradation time. Biodegradation by respirometric method showed that biodiesel from animal origin have higher degradation and systems that have surfactant favoritism occur in mixtures with higher diesel. The colorimetry with DCPIP biodiesel of animal fat and biodiesel of vegetable oils are more efficient than mixtures... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Microorganismos, Biodegradação, Combustiveis diesel, Biodiesel, Petroleo - Derivados, Toxicologia
Como citar
TAMADA, Ivo Shodji. Biodegradação e avaliação fitotoxicológica do diesel e do biodiesel. 2013. 109 f. Dissertação - (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2013.