Influência da Superfície do implante e da laserterapia na osseointegração, em ratas osteopênicas
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Data
2009-07-08
Autores
Barbara, Mary Anne Moreira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o aumento da expectativa de vida da população é importante o estudo de tratamentos alternativos e de biomateriais que visam auxiliar no processo de osseointegração em pessoas com osteoporose. O presente estudo avaliou e comparou a osseointegração de implantes cilíndricos de superfície porosa com implantes cilíndricos de superfície rugosa, ambos de titânio, em ratas osteopênicas e normais, por meio de análise histológica e histomorfométrica. Avaliou também a influência do tratamento com laser de baixa potência (Arseneto de Gálio Alumínio) sobre a osseointegração. Os implantes foram inseridos em 84 ratas, cada rata recebeu um implante poroso no fêmur esquerdo e um implante rugoso no direito. Quarenta e dois dos animais foram submetidos à cirurgia de ovariectomia (OVZ) e 42 foram falsamente operados (SHAM). Após um mês, as ratas foram divididas em 4 grupos, com 21 animais cada, de acordo com o tratamento recebido: a) grupo 1 (SHAM): cirurgia de colocação dos implantes (CI); b) grupo 2 (SHAM): CI e aplicação do laser de baixa potência (LLLT); c) grupo 3 (OVZ): CI; d) grupo 4 (OVZ): CI e LLLT. Sete animais de cada grupo, selecionados aleatoriamente, foram sacrificados 2, 4 e 6 semanas após a cirurgia, os fêmures contendo os implantes foram submetidos à análise histológica e histomorfométrica. Na análise histológica observou-se que houve osseointegração em ambos implantes nos diferentes grupos. Após avaliação da análise histomorfométrica verificou-se que o grupo 4, os implantes do tipo poroso, com animais sacrificados 4 semanas após a cirurgia de implante exibiu maior porcentagem de neoformação óssea, seguido do grupo 2, com implante poroso 4 e 6 semanas de período de sacrifício. Concluiu-se que a laserterapia melhora significantemente a neoformação óssea e que os implantes de superfície porosa apresentam maior área para contato na interface osso-implante.
With increasing life expectancy of the population is important to the study of alternative treatments and biomaterials which aim to assist in the process of osseointegration in people with osteoporosis. .This study involved an assessment and comparison of the osseointegration of cylindrical titanium implants with porous surfaces and with rough surfaces in osteopenic rats, based histological and histomorphometric analyses. An evaluation was also made of the influence of low level laser therapy (LLLT) with gallium-aluminum arsenate (Ga-Al-As) on osseointegration. The implants were placed in 84 rats, two per rat, i.e., a porous implant in the left femur and a rough implant in the right femur Forty-two of the animals were then ovariectomized (OVZ) while the other 42 were subjected to a sham ovariectomy (SHAM). After one month the rats were divided randomly into four groups of 21 animals each, according to treatment received: a) group 1 (SHAM) implant surgery (IS); b) group 2 (SHAM) IS and low-level laser therapy (LLLT); c) group 3 (OVZ): IS; d) group 4 (OVZ) IS and LLLT. Seven animals from each group were selected randomly and killed 2, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery and the histomorphometric analyses. The histological analysis revealed that osseointegration occurred in both types of implants in all the groups. The histomorphometric analysis indicated that the porous implants in the group 4, killed 4 weeks after implantation, showed the highest percentage of new bone formation, followed by the porous implants in group 2, killed 4 and 6 weeks after implantation. It was concluded that laser therapy significantly improves new bone formation and that implants with porous surfaces have a larger contact area at the bone-implant interface.
With increasing life expectancy of the population is important to the study of alternative treatments and biomaterials which aim to assist in the process of osseointegration in people with osteoporosis. .This study involved an assessment and comparison of the osseointegration of cylindrical titanium implants with porous surfaces and with rough surfaces in osteopenic rats, based histological and histomorphometric analyses. An evaluation was also made of the influence of low level laser therapy (LLLT) with gallium-aluminum arsenate (Ga-Al-As) on osseointegration. The implants were placed in 84 rats, two per rat, i.e., a porous implant in the left femur and a rough implant in the right femur Forty-two of the animals were then ovariectomized (OVZ) while the other 42 were subjected to a sham ovariectomy (SHAM). After one month the rats were divided randomly into four groups of 21 animals each, according to treatment received: a) group 1 (SHAM) implant surgery (IS); b) group 2 (SHAM) IS and low-level laser therapy (LLLT); c) group 3 (OVZ): IS; d) group 4 (OVZ) IS and LLLT. Seven animals from each group were selected randomly and killed 2, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery and the histomorphometric analyses. The histological analysis revealed that osseointegration occurred in both types of implants in all the groups. The histomorphometric analysis indicated that the porous implants in the group 4, killed 4 weeks after implantation, showed the highest percentage of new bone formation, followed by the porous implants in group 2, killed 4 and 6 weeks after implantation. It was concluded that laser therapy significantly improves new bone formation and that implants with porous surfaces have a larger contact area at the bone-implant interface.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Osteoporose, Implantes artificiais, Ossos - Cirurgia, Implantes, Implant, Osseointegration, Interface, Fixation
Como citar
BARBARA, Mary Anne Moreira. Influência da Superfície do implante e da laserterapia na osseointegração, em ratas osteopênicas. 2009. 104 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos, 2009.