Auto-eficácia de tenistas e desempenho esportivo: perspectivas da psicologia do esporte
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Data
2007-05-07
Autores
Moreno, Ricardo Macedo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O rendimento de atletas de todas as modalidades, do Tênis inclusive, é acompanhado por uma combinação de fatores técnicos, táticos, biológicos, sociais e psicológicos. Por considerarmos a auto-eficácia um dos principais aspectos psicológicos relacionados com o rendimento, nosso trabalho vai se deter à análise dessa variável. O objetivo do presente estudo é o de investigar a percepção da auto-eficácia do tenista, partindo do ponto de vista do próprio atleta, em situações específicas da modalidade em treinamentos e em campeonatos. Como metodologia, optamos pela pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando a análise de entrevistas semi-estruturadas de perguntas abertas. Participaram da pesquisa 8 (oito) atletas da modalidade Tênis, do sexo masculino, de idade compreendida entre 16 e 18 anos, que disputam campeonatos organizados pela Federação Paulista de Tênis e/ou pela Confederação Brasileira de Tênis. Os dados foram, posteriormente, categorizados e analisados, de modo a garantir uma leitura cuidadosa e profunda. Com os relatos dos atletas, vale a pena destacar que, para a maioria deles: o ranking tirou a pressão da obrigação de vencer, minimizou o medo da derrota e serviu como explicação quando a derrota acontecia; a comparação do nível técnico do adversário com o seu próprio diminuiu a auto-eficácia e, conseqüentemente, diminuiu a expectativa de resultado; o treino foi considerado como um polarizador da auto-eficácia; a grande freqüência de erros não-forçados minou a auto-eficácia dos atletas; o contexto é mais decisivo do que o placar (depende de como o atleta estiver na quadra); quando tinham o risco de perder o game de saque, os atletas se sentiram pressionados e confirmaram alterar a forma de sacar...
The athlete's income of all modalities especially tennis, is followed by a combination of technical, tactics, biologics, social and psychological factors. We consider self-efficacy one of the most important psychological aspects related to the income, then our research is going to emphasize the analysis of this characteristic. The objective of this project is research the tennis player's self-efficacy perception leaving of the point of view of them, in specific situation of modalities in training and championships. The methodology applied was the qualitative research, using the analyses of semi-structuralized interviews of open question. Eight male athletes of tennis, between 16 to 19 years old that dispute championships organized for the São Paulo Tennis Federation and/or for Brazilian Tennis Confederation answered the questions. Later, the data were categorized and analyzed to guarantee a careful and intimate reading. Analyzed to the descriptions of the athletes, it's important to stand out that for the majority of them: the ranking broke the pressure of obligation to win, decreased the fear of the defeat and contributed to explain when the defeat happened; the comparison of adversary's technical level with your own level decrease the selfefficacy and, consequently, decreased the expectative of the results; the training was considered as a polarized of the self-efficacy; the great frequency of not-forced errors mined the self-efficacy of athletes; the context is more decisive than score (it depends on the athlete's position in court); when they had a risk to lose the game of serve, the athletes feel themselves pressured and confirmed to modify the form to serve; strong dependence of the success experiences as source of information of self-efficacy; great role of shaping, related when the athletes had admitted to copy blows from another players; the vicarious information... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The athlete's income of all modalities especially tennis, is followed by a combination of technical, tactics, biologics, social and psychological factors. We consider self-efficacy one of the most important psychological aspects related to the income, then our research is going to emphasize the analysis of this characteristic. The objective of this project is research the tennis player's self-efficacy perception leaving of the point of view of them, in specific situation of modalities in training and championships. The methodology applied was the qualitative research, using the analyses of semi-structuralized interviews of open question. Eight male athletes of tennis, between 16 to 19 years old that dispute championships organized for the São Paulo Tennis Federation and/or for Brazilian Tennis Confederation answered the questions. Later, the data were categorized and analyzed to guarantee a careful and intimate reading. Analyzed to the descriptions of the athletes, it's important to stand out that for the majority of them: the ranking broke the pressure of obligation to win, decreased the fear of the defeat and contributed to explain when the defeat happened; the comparison of adversary's technical level with your own level decrease the selfefficacy and, consequently, decreased the expectative of the results; the training was considered as a polarized of the self-efficacy; the great frequency of not-forced errors mined the self-efficacy of athletes; the context is more decisive than score (it depends on the athlete's position in court); when they had a risk to lose the game of serve, the athletes feel themselves pressured and confirmed to modify the form to serve; strong dependence of the success experiences as source of information of self-efficacy; great role of shaping, related when the athletes had admitted to copy blows from another players; the vicarious information... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Esportes - Aspectos psicológicos, Auto-eficácia, Rendimento esportivo, Estados emocionais, Psicologia do esporte, Psychological aspects, Sporting income, Emotional states, Selfreference processes
Como citar
MORENO, Ricardo Macedo. Auto-eficácia de tenistas e desempenho esportivo: perspectivas da psicologia do esporte. 2007. 197 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2007.