Aspectos ecofisiológicos e genético de biótipos de Digitaria insularis resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate
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2013-09-20
Autores
Martins, Juliano Francisco [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O conhecimento da biologia aliado as estudos genéticos são ferramentas importantes para o manejo eficaz de plantas daninhas resistentes. Contudo os objetivos do trabalho foram: a) Comprovar existência de biótipo de Digitaria insularis resistente a glyphosate por meio de curva dose-resposta obtidas quando as plantas apresentaram de 2 a 4 folhas totalmente expandidas; b) Avaliar efeito da temperatura na presença e na ausência de luz; Avaliar o efeito da duração da luz (fotoperíodo) e disponibilidade hídrica na germinação das sementes de R e S; c) Verificar o efeito da profundidade de semeadura na emergência das plântulas de R e S; d) Estudar e comparar a fenologia e desenvolvimento de R e S; e) Detectar a taxa de polimorfismo entre os biótipos. Pra isso, foram utilizadas sementes de Digitaria insularis R e S e submetidas ás temperaturas constantes: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40°C; Alternadas: 10-20, 15-25, 20-30, 25-35 e 15-35°C; fotoperíodo: 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 e 18 horas; potenciais osmóticos: 0,0, -0,2, -0,4, -0,6, -0,8 e 1,0 MPa; profundidades de semeadura: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 e 15 cm; além da caracterização dos estádios fenológicos e desenvolvimento, e taxa de polimorfismo. Verificou-se que o fator de resistência (FR) foi de 5,3 para nota de controle, sendo o EC50 para a porcentagem de controle, de 416,6 g e.a.ha-1 para o R e 78,5 g e.a.ha-1 para o S. A temperatura fixa ótima para a germinação de ambos os biótipos foi de 30ºC e alternadas de 20-30ºC, tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz, ainda a faixa fotoperiódica ótima foi de 10 a 12 horas de luz. O biótipo R germinou até potencial osmótico de -0,8 MPa enquanto o S até -0,4 MPa. Quando submetidos a diferentes profundidades de semeadura, ambos os biótipos apresentaram alta taxa de emergência até 4 cm. Em todas as variáveis propostas para a germinação e emergência, o biótipo...
The knowledge of the biology ally will genetic studies are important tools for the effective management of resistant weeds. However, the objectives this work were: a) proves the existence of Digitaria insularis biotypes resistant to glyphosate through dose-response curve obtained when the plants had 2-4 fully expanded leaves b) Evaluate the effect of temperature in the presence and absence of light; evaluate the effect of light duration (photoperiod) and water availability on germination of the R and S c) to investigate the effect of sowing depth on seedling emergence of the R and S d) to study and compare the phenology and growth the R and S, e) Detecting the polymorphism among biotypes. For this, was used seeds of Digitaria insularis R and S which were submitted ace constant temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ° C; Alternate: 10-20, 15-25, 20 - 30, 25-35 and 15-35 ° C, photoperiod: 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 hours; osmotic potential: 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0 , 6, 1.0 and -0.8 MPa; sowing depth: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 15 cm, besides characterization of the growth stages and development, and rate of polymorphism. It was found that the resistance factor (RF) was 5.3 to note control, and the EC50 for the percentage of control, 416.6 g e.a.ha-1 to R and 78.5 g e.a.ha-1 to S. The optimal temperature stationary was 30ºC and alternate was 20-30ºC both in the presence and absence of light, although the photoperiodic optimum range was 10 to 12 hours of light. The R biotype germinated until the osmotic potential of -0.8 MPa, while the S to -0.4 MPa. When subjected to different sowing depths, both biotypes showed high germination rate up to 4 cm. In all the proposed variables for germination and emergence, the R biotype showed better performance than the S. Furthermore, the R biotype development was faster and strong relative to S, the first reaching the reproductive stage. The rate ...
The knowledge of the biology ally will genetic studies are important tools for the effective management of resistant weeds. However, the objectives this work were: a) proves the existence of Digitaria insularis biotypes resistant to glyphosate through dose-response curve obtained when the plants had 2-4 fully expanded leaves b) Evaluate the effect of temperature in the presence and absence of light; evaluate the effect of light duration (photoperiod) and water availability on germination of the R and S c) to investigate the effect of sowing depth on seedling emergence of the R and S d) to study and compare the phenology and growth the R and S, e) Detecting the polymorphism among biotypes. For this, was used seeds of Digitaria insularis R and S which were submitted ace constant temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ° C; Alternate: 10-20, 15-25, 20 - 30, 25-35 and 15-35 ° C, photoperiod: 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 hours; osmotic potential: 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0 , 6, 1.0 and -0.8 MPa; sowing depth: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 15 cm, besides characterization of the growth stages and development, and rate of polymorphism. It was found that the resistance factor (RF) was 5.3 to note control, and the EC50 for the percentage of control, 416.6 g e.a.ha-1 to R and 78.5 g e.a.ha-1 to S. The optimal temperature stationary was 30ºC and alternate was 20-30ºC both in the presence and absence of light, although the photoperiodic optimum range was 10 to 12 hours of light. The R biotype germinated until the osmotic potential of -0.8 MPa, while the S to -0.4 MPa. When subjected to different sowing depths, both biotypes showed high germination rate up to 4 cm. In all the proposed variables for germination and emergence, the R biotype showed better performance than the S. Furthermore, the R biotype development was faster and strong relative to S, the first reaching the reproductive stage. The rate ...
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Palavras-chave
Erva daninha - Controle, Crescimento (Plantas), Germinação, Ecofisiologia vegetal, Polimorfismo (Genetica), Weeds
Como citar
MARTINS, Juliano Francisco. Aspectos ecofisiológicos e genético de biótipos de Digitaria insularis resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate. 2013. iii, 63 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.