Estudo do controle biológico dos nematóides dos citros no Estado de São Paulo
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Data
2008-02-25
Autores
Martinelli, Paulo Roberto Pala [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Embora numerosas espécies de fitonematóides já tenham sido encontradas em pomares de citros em todo o mundo, poucas são consideradas pragaschave da cultura. No Brasil, apenas o nematóide dos citros (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb) e o nematóide das lesões radiculares dos citros (Pratylenchus jaehni Inserra et al.) detêm esse status. Entre esses, T. semipenetrans é o mais distribuído, enquanto P. jaehni é o mais agressivo. Essa praga já foi encontrada em pomares de mais de 30 municípios paulistas, dois mineiros e três paranaenses. O objetivo deste estudo foi isolar, identificar, documentar ao microscópio fotônico e eletrônico de varredura e avaliar a eficácia de fungos nematófagos para o controle biológico dos nematóides dos citros (P. jaehni e T. semipenetrans). Foram analisadas 38 amostras coletadas em pomares de citros de municípios paulistas e goiano no Laboratório de Nematologia da UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP. Dessas amostras, foram isolados Arthrobotrys robusta de 23,7% das amostras, A. musiformis de 18,4%, A. oligospora de 10,5% e A. conoides de 5,2%. Monacrosporium elegans, M. eudermatum, Dactyllela leptospora e Paecilomices lilacinus foram encontrados em 2,6% das amostras. Do total de 26 isolados dos fungos obtidos, 92,8% foram patogênicos a T. semipenetrans e 82,1% a P. jaehni. Um isolado de cada espécie desses fungos foi incluído na documentação das características mais marcantes ao microscópios fotônico e eletrônico de varredura. Em testes in vitro, foram selecionados isolados de cinco espécies de fungos nematófagos, sendo Monacrosporium eudermatum, Dactylella leptospora, Arthrobotrys musiformis, A. conoides e Paecilomyces lilacinus formulados para T. semipenetrans. Para P. jaehni, foram formulados Arthrobotrys robusta, A. oligospora, A. musiformis, Dactylella leptospora e Monacrosporium eudermatum...
Although many species of nematodes have already been found in orchards of citrus in the world, few are considered key pests of the culture. In Brazil, only the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb) and the lesion nematode of citrus (Pratylenchus jaehni Inserra et al.) have that status. Between these, T. semipenetrans is more distributed, but P. Jaehni is the most aggressive. This pest has been found in orchards of more than 30 counties in São Paulo State, two in Minas Gerais and three in Paraná State. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify, document and assess the effectiveness of nematophagous fungi for the biological control of the citrus nematode (P. jaehni and T. semipenetrans). Were analyzed 38 samples collected in the citrus orchards of Counties of Sâo Paulo State and one in Goiás, in Laboratório de Nematologia of UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus of Jaboticabal, SP. From these samples were isolated Arthrobotrys robusta, 23.7% of the samples, A. musiformis 18.4%, A. oligospora 10.5% in A. conoides 5.2%. Monacrosporium elegans, M. eudermatum, Dactyllela leptospora and Paecilomices lilacinus were found in 2.6% of samples. From a total of 26 isolates of the fungi obtained, 92.8% were pathogenic to T. semipenetrans and 82.1% to P. Jaehni. An isolate from each species of these fungi was included in the documentation of the most remarkable characteristics at the light microscope and scanning electron microscope. In tests in vitro were selected five isolates of nematophagous fungi being Monacrosporium eudermatum, Dactylella leptospora, Arthrobotrys musiformis, A. conoides and Paecilomyces lilacinus formulated for T. Semipenetrans. For, P. Jaehni were formulated Arthrobotrys robusta, A. oligospora, A. musiformis, Dactylella leptospora and Monacrosporium eudermatum. These fungi have been applied in doses of 1, 2, 4 and 6 liters of a formulation consisting of equal parts of mixing ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Although many species of nematodes have already been found in orchards of citrus in the world, few are considered key pests of the culture. In Brazil, only the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb) and the lesion nematode of citrus (Pratylenchus jaehni Inserra et al.) have that status. Between these, T. semipenetrans is more distributed, but P. Jaehni is the most aggressive. This pest has been found in orchards of more than 30 counties in São Paulo State, two in Minas Gerais and three in Paraná State. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify, document and assess the effectiveness of nematophagous fungi for the biological control of the citrus nematode (P. jaehni and T. semipenetrans). Were analyzed 38 samples collected in the citrus orchards of Counties of Sâo Paulo State and one in Goiás, in Laboratório de Nematologia of UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus of Jaboticabal, SP. From these samples were isolated Arthrobotrys robusta, 23.7% of the samples, A. musiformis 18.4%, A. oligospora 10.5% in A. conoides 5.2%. Monacrosporium elegans, M. eudermatum, Dactyllela leptospora and Paecilomices lilacinus were found in 2.6% of samples. From a total of 26 isolates of the fungi obtained, 92.8% were pathogenic to T. semipenetrans and 82.1% to P. Jaehni. An isolate from each species of these fungi was included in the documentation of the most remarkable characteristics at the light microscope and scanning electron microscope. In tests in vitro were selected five isolates of nematophagous fungi being Monacrosporium eudermatum, Dactylella leptospora, Arthrobotrys musiformis, A. conoides and Paecilomyces lilacinus formulated for T. Semipenetrans. For, P. Jaehni were formulated Arthrobotrys robusta, A. oligospora, A. musiformis, Dactylella leptospora and Monacrosporium eudermatum. These fungi have been applied in doses of 1, 2, 4 and 6 liters of a formulation consisting of equal parts of mixing ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biological control, Citrus nematodes, Nematophagous fungy, Scaning electron microscope, Pragas - Controle biologico, Fungos nematófagos, Microscopia eletronica de varredura, Nematóide dos citros
Como citar
MARTINELLI, Paulo Roberto Pala. Estudo do controle biológico dos nematóides dos citros no Estado de São Paulo. 2008. xiii, 107 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2008.