Efeito do silício aplicado no solo e em pulverização foliar na incidência da lagarta do cartucho na cultura do milho
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Data
2009-08-07
Autores
Silva, Anne Caroline Arruda e [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente diversos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos sobre a utilização dos silicatos na adubação de plantas e embora ainda não conclusivos, seu emprego tem sido intensificado em algumas regiões agrícolas do país. No entanto, como o silício não é considerado um nutriente essencial de plantas, uma das principais justificativas para seu emprego na agricultura tem sido o incremento da resistência a pragas e doenças. Dessa forma, foram instalados dois experimentos seguindo o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso para verificar o efeito do silício sobre a lagarta-do-cartucho do milho em condições de campo. O primeiro experimento foi composto por 10 tratamentos e 4 repetições, com parcelas de 10 linhas de 10 m e visou verificar o efeito de uma formulação comercial contendo 25% de óxido de silício (12% de Si solúvel) e 15% de óxido de potássio, desenvolvida para aplicação através da pulverização foliar. Os tratamentos no primeiro experimento consistiram da aplicação da formulação silicatada nas concentrações 2, 4 e 8 mL/L, em pulverização aos 15, aos 15 e 30 e aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após a germinação das plantas. O segundo experimento contou com 7 tratamentos e 4 repetições, com parcelas de 7 linhas de 10 m e visou verificar o efeito de uma formulação comercial constituída por escória de siderurgia, aplicada no sulco de semeadura, nas doses de 400 e 800 kg/ha, na semeadura, só na cobertura, e na semeadura e cobertura. Nos dois experimentos avaliou-se a incidência da lagarta-do-cartucho do milho aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a germinação e os respectivos danos através de uma escala de notas. Também foram avaliados os parâmetros vegetativos indicadores do desenvolvimento como, altura da planta; número de folhas vivas; data do fechamento do cartucho e data do lançamento do pendão e o número de espigas produzido. Finalmente foi a avaliada...
At present several studies about the use of silicates on plant fertilization have been developed, and although there is nothing conclusive regarding it, their use has been intensified in some Brazilian agricultural regions. However, since silicon is not considered an essential plant nutrient, the main reason for its use in agriculture has been the increase in the plant resistance to pests and diseases. This way, two experiments were carried out to verify the effect of silicon on fall armyworm in field corn. The first experiment used a randomized block design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates and with plots of ten 10 m rows to verify the effect of a commercial formula containing 25% of silicon oxide (12% of soluble Si) and 15% of potassium oxide, developed for foliar application. The treatment on the first experiment consisted of the silicate formula at concentration of 2,4 and 8 mL/L, sprayed at 15 days, at 15 and 30 and at 15, 30 and 45 days after plant germination. The second experiment also used a randomized block design with 7 treatment and 4 replications, and with plots of seven 10m rows, to verify the effect of a commercial formula composed by silicate slag applied in the soil, with dosages of 400 and 800 kg/ha, in the sowing, only in coverage and both. The incidence of fall armyworm was evaluated at 15, 30 45 and 60 days after the germination and its respective damage through a grade scale in both experiments. Vegetation development indicator parameters were also evaluated as: plant height; number of living leaves; date of the flowering; number of corncobs. The production was finally evaluated by weighing the corncobs and grain/plant. The data obtained indicated that silicon did not interfere neither on the plant vegetable development nor in the occurrence of fall armyworm. It did not interfere neither on the damage caused by this pest, nor on the number of and grains produced.
At present several studies about the use of silicates on plant fertilization have been developed, and although there is nothing conclusive regarding it, their use has been intensified in some Brazilian agricultural regions. However, since silicon is not considered an essential plant nutrient, the main reason for its use in agriculture has been the increase in the plant resistance to pests and diseases. This way, two experiments were carried out to verify the effect of silicon on fall armyworm in field corn. The first experiment used a randomized block design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates and with plots of ten 10 m rows to verify the effect of a commercial formula containing 25% of silicon oxide (12% of soluble Si) and 15% of potassium oxide, developed for foliar application. The treatment on the first experiment consisted of the silicate formula at concentration of 2,4 and 8 mL/L, sprayed at 15 days, at 15 and 30 and at 15, 30 and 45 days after plant germination. The second experiment also used a randomized block design with 7 treatment and 4 replications, and with plots of seven 10m rows, to verify the effect of a commercial formula composed by silicate slag applied in the soil, with dosages of 400 and 800 kg/ha, in the sowing, only in coverage and both. The incidence of fall armyworm was evaluated at 15, 30 45 and 60 days after the germination and its respective damage through a grade scale in both experiments. Vegetation development indicator parameters were also evaluated as: plant height; number of living leaves; date of the flowering; number of corncobs. The production was finally evaluated by weighing the corncobs and grain/plant. The data obtained indicated that silicon did not interfere neither on the plant vegetable development nor in the occurrence of fall armyworm. It did not interfere neither on the damage caused by this pest, nor on the number of and grains produced.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Nutrição, Silicio, Pulverização, Plantas, Fall armyworm, Plant nutrition, Induced resistance
Como citar
SILVA, Anne Caroline Arruda e. Efeito do silício aplicado no solo e em pulverização foliar na incidência da lagarta do cartucho na cultura do milho. 2009. v, 67 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2009.