Comportamento do herbicida propanil em cultura de arroz irrigado
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Data
2008-02-27
Autores
Rios, Amanda Cristobal [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O arroz tem um grande valor econômico, pois está presente na alimentação de vários povos no mundo. O sistema de cultivo desse grão por inundação corresponde a mais da metade de sua produção mundial. Entretanto, esse método oferece um habitat propício para o surgimento de plantas daninhas, as quais competem com a cultura e provocam queda no rendimento da lavoura. O uso de herbicidas no combate dessas plantas daninhas é muito utilizado devido à sua praticidade e eficiência, porém podem contaminar áreas distantes, águas superficiais e subterrâneas, ou mesmo permanecer, no solo, adsorvidos ou na forma de resíduo-ligado. Além disso, podem ser tóxicos para organismos aquáticos e bioconcentrarem na cadeia alimentar. Para entender melhor esse comportamento, avaliou-se neste trabalho a mineralização do herbicida 14C-propanil aplicado sozinho e, comparado com a aplicação conjunta com outro herbicida muito utilizado na rizicultura, o clomazone. Também foi avaliada a influência de um fertilizante organo mineral classe A na mineralização do herbicida 14C-propanil. Em um sistema microcosmo, avaliou-se a presença do herbicida propanil em tilápias e carpas por um período de 30 dias. As doses aplicadas nos ensaios de mineralização foram equivalentes a 2,88 kg.ha-1 para a dose mínima agronômica (dose [1]) e 28,8 kg.ha-1 para dez vezes esse valor (dose [2]), para o herbicida propanil, e 0,25 kg.ha-1 na dose [1] e 2,5 kg.ha-1 na dose [2] para o clomazone. Para o fertilizante, as doses aplicadas corresponderam a dose recomendada de campo (dose [A]) de 1 kg.ha-1 aplicado no plantio, para cultura de grãos, e duas vezes esse valor (dose [B]). A coleta do 14CO2 proveniente damineralização do propanil radiomarcado foi realizada nos intervalos de 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 dias e quantificado por...
Rice has a considerate economic value because it is part of food habits of several countries in the world. More than half of the world rice’s production uses flooded soils as a method of production. However, this method creates the perfect environment for the development of weeds, which compete with the rice culture causing damage in the rice production. To control weeds, farmers use herbicides due to their efficiency and practical use. On the other hand, the irrigation method increases the possibility of contamination by these toxics affecting distant areas, including surface water and groundwater, they can also stay in the soil absorbed or as bound residues. Moreover, they can be dangerous for aquatic organisms and bioconcentrate on the food chain. To have a better understanding of herbicides use consequences, this research evaluated the mineralization of the herbicide 14C-propanil when applied alone and together with another herbicide very commonly used in rice crop fields, the clomazone. The influence of an organomineral class A fertilizer, on the mineralization of the herbicide 14C-propanil, was also analyzed. In a microcosmic system, the presence of the herbicide propanil in tilapias and common carps was observed for 30 days. The doses applied in the mineralization tests was equivalent to 2,88 kg.ha-1 to the minimum agronomic dose (dose [1]) and 28,8 kg.ha-1 to ten times this amount (dose [2]) to the propanil herbicide and 0,25 kg.ha-1 on the dose [1] and 2,5 kg.ha-1 on the dose [2] to the clomazone. To the fertilizer, the doses applied correspond to the recommended dose to field (dose [A]), 1 kg.ha-1 applied on the plantation and cultivation of the grains, and twice times this value (dose [B]). The collect of 14CO2 due to mineralization of propanil occurred at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 days after herbicide application, followed by quantification using liquid scintillation counting (LSC). Both, the soil extraction and ...
Rice has a considerate economic value because it is part of food habits of several countries in the world. More than half of the world rice’s production uses flooded soils as a method of production. However, this method creates the perfect environment for the development of weeds, which compete with the rice culture causing damage in the rice production. To control weeds, farmers use herbicides due to their efficiency and practical use. On the other hand, the irrigation method increases the possibility of contamination by these toxics affecting distant areas, including surface water and groundwater, they can also stay in the soil absorbed or as bound residues. Moreover, they can be dangerous for aquatic organisms and bioconcentrate on the food chain. To have a better understanding of herbicides use consequences, this research evaluated the mineralization of the herbicide 14C-propanil when applied alone and together with another herbicide very commonly used in rice crop fields, the clomazone. The influence of an organomineral class A fertilizer, on the mineralization of the herbicide 14C-propanil, was also analyzed. In a microcosmic system, the presence of the herbicide propanil in tilapias and common carps was observed for 30 days. The doses applied in the mineralization tests was equivalent to 2,88 kg.ha-1 to the minimum agronomic dose (dose [1]) and 28,8 kg.ha-1 to ten times this amount (dose [2]) to the propanil herbicide and 0,25 kg.ha-1 on the dose [1] and 2,5 kg.ha-1 on the dose [2] to the clomazone. To the fertilizer, the doses applied correspond to the recommended dose to field (dose [A]), 1 kg.ha-1 applied on the plantation and cultivation of the grains, and twice times this value (dose [B]). The collect of 14CO2 due to mineralization of propanil occurred at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 days after herbicide application, followed by quantification using liquid scintillation counting (LSC). Both, the soil extraction and ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Herbicidas, Degradação ambiental, Arroz - Irrigação, Solos, Herbicides, Mineralization, Rice
Como citar
RIOS, Amanda Cristobal. Comportamento do herbicida propanil em cultura de arroz irrigado. 2008. v, 94 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2008.