Efeito do aumento da concentração de dióxido de carbono do ar sobre a ferrugem e o crescimento de mudas clonais de eucalipto
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Data
2012-01-05
Autores
Mac Leod, Rodrigo Estevam de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A concentração de dióxido de carbono (CO2) da atmosfera vem aumentando desde 1750 com o advento da Revolução Industrial. Este aumento considerável, devido às atividades antrópicas, poderá alterar o cenário atual dos problemas fitossanitários em algumas décadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do aumento da concentração de CO2 do ar sobre a ferrugem do eucalipto, causada pelo fungo Puccinia psidii, em mudas de dois clones de eucalipto: um híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. camaldulensis (VM 01) e a espécie E. urophylla (MN 463), e ainda o efeito do CO2 sobre o desenvolvimento das plantas. Foram realizados experimentos em sala climatizada com as concentrações de 390, 405, 520 e 700 μmol mol-1 e em estufas de topo aberto (“Open top chambers”, OTCs), em campo. Nos experimentos em OTCs, foram avaliados três tratamentos: controle sem estufa e sem injeção de CO2 (concentração média de 399 μmol mol-1), controle com estufa sem injeção de CO2 (concentração média de 412 μmol mol-1) e estufa com injeção de CO2 (concentração média de 508 μmol mol-1). A inoculação foi realizada via pulverização de ambas as faces das folhas com suspensão de 2 x 104 urediniósporos mL-1 de P. psidii, aos 68 e 62 dias após a implantação do experimento em sala climatizada e nas OTCs, respectivamente. De acordo com os resultados dos experimentos, clones de VM 01 cultivados em ambiente enriquecido com CO2 apresentaram menor área lesionada, número médio de pústula por folha, número de uredínias por amostra e número médio de esporo por uredínia, diferindo significativamente das plantas controle. Em clones de MN 463 não foram observadas lesões, resposta de hipersensibilidade e esporulação de P. psidii. Com relação às análises de teor de carbono das plantas, observou-se que não houve...
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air has increased since 1750 due to the advent of the Industrial Revolution. This considerable increase by anthropogenic activities may exert several effects on the current situation of phytosanitary problems in a few decades. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing CO2 concentration in the air over the eucalyptus rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia psidii in seedlings of two eucalyptus clones, a hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. camaldulensis (VM 01) and E. urophylla (MN 463) species, and the effect of CO2 on plants growth. Experiments in a climatized room with concentration of 390, 405, 520 and 700 μmol mol-1 and field in open-top chambers (OTCs) were performed. In experiments with OTCs, three types of treatments were evaluated: control without OTC and without CO2 injection (average concentration of 399 μmol mol-1), control with OTC and without CO2 injection (average concentration of 412 μmol mol-1) and OTC with CO2 injection (average concentration of 508 μmol mol-1). Spray inoculation with a suspension of 2 x 104 mL-1 uredinispore of P. psidii on both sides of the leaves was performed after 68 and 62 days of implantation of the experiment in climatized room and in OTCs, respectively. According to the results of experiments, VM 01 clones cultivated in environment enriched with CO2 had shown less injured area, fewer average number of pustules per leaf, fewer number of uredinias per sample and fewer mean number of uredinia were scored by spores, differing significantly from the control plants. In MN 463 clones there were no injuries, hypersensitivity response and sporulation of P. psidii on leaves. Regarding the analysis of carbon content of plants, it was observed no differences between the treatments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air has increased since 1750 due to the advent of the Industrial Revolution. This considerable increase by anthropogenic activities may exert several effects on the current situation of phytosanitary problems in a few decades. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing CO2 concentration in the air over the eucalyptus rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia psidii in seedlings of two eucalyptus clones, a hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. camaldulensis (VM 01) and E. urophylla (MN 463) species, and the effect of CO2 on plants growth. Experiments in a climatized room with concentration of 390, 405, 520 and 700 μmol mol-1 and field in open-top chambers (OTCs) were performed. In experiments with OTCs, three types of treatments were evaluated: control without OTC and without CO2 injection (average concentration of 399 μmol mol-1), control with OTC and without CO2 injection (average concentration of 412 μmol mol-1) and OTC with CO2 injection (average concentration of 508 μmol mol-1). Spray inoculation with a suspension of 2 x 104 mL-1 uredinispore of P. psidii on both sides of the leaves was performed after 68 and 62 days of implantation of the experiment in climatized room and in OTCs, respectively. According to the results of experiments, VM 01 clones cultivated in environment enriched with CO2 had shown less injured area, fewer average number of pustules per leaf, fewer number of uredinias per sample and fewer mean number of uredinia were scored by spores, differing significantly from the control plants. In MN 463 clones there were no injuries, hypersensitivity response and sporulation of P. psidii on leaves. Regarding the analysis of carbon content of plants, it was observed no differences between the treatments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mudanças climaticas, Dioxido de carbono, Eucalipto, Carbon dioxide, Eucalyptus, Puccinia psidii
Como citar
MAC LEOD, Rodrigo Estevam de Oliveira. Efeito do aumento da concentração de dióxido de carbono do ar sobre a ferrugem e o crescimento de mudas clonais de eucalipto. 2012. xi, 62 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade EStadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2012.