Efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência
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Data
2001-02-05
Autores
Tofoli, Gustavo Radomille [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência. Duas barras pulverizadoras de mesmo modelo (12 m e espaçamento entre bicos de 0,5 m) sendo uma para cada tipo de bico.Dois tipos de bicos (jato cônico modelo JA- 1,5 e jato plano modelo API 110-02) testados com uma mesma velocidade de aplicação (4km/h). Para o preparo das caldas de pulverização foram utilizados: água, nitrato de potássio, nitrato de cálcio, sulfato de cobre e sulfato de zinco. Os alvos foram construídos de chapa de fórmica, que foram cortadas em placas quadradas com tamanho de 13 x 13 cm. Ao centro de 602 placas foram feitos orifícios de diversos tamanhos de diâmetro: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm e 0,32 cm. Para cada tamanho de orifício foram feitas 117 repetições. Totalizando 702 placas. Os alvos foram posicionados no piso do terreno de maneira aleatória. Depois da pulverização, estes foram lavados com 25 ml de água deionizada, dando origem as amostras. Estas, depois de filtradas, foram analisadas em espectrofotômetro de plasma. As leituras de concentrações foram transformadas em volume ( l), e este divido pela área de cada círculo correspondente, resultando em dados de depósito em l/cm2. Os dados de depósitos foram transformados em % da média, e realizado os cálculos de freqüências acumuladas para cada tamanho de alvo. O modelo de Gompertz (y = e **(a-e**(-b-c*x))) foi utilizado para ajustar os dados e efetuar as análises de regressão, obtendo os valores de R2 (0,985 a 0,997) e um novo valor de freqüência acumulada para cada curva. Calculou-se os valores de média, mediana, moda, os percentis 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 e 99.e os coeficientes de variação para todos os diferentes tamanhos de alvo para os respectivos bicos... .
It were studied two types of nozzles. The first one is a conic jet nozzle model JÁ 1,5. The second type is a flat fan nozzle model API 110-02. The application speed was 4km/h. It were used two similar sprayers set with boons 12 m wide and nozzles spaced by 0,5m. The spray solution for the fan jet nozzle was prepared with water, potassium nitrate and copper sulfate. For the conic jet nozzle theses salts were replaced by calcium nitrate and zinc sulfate. The targets were made of formica foils cut into square plates of 13 cm x 13 cm. One hundred of these plates were used to estimate the drift. In all the other 702 plates (117 replications for each type of target) it were made central circular holes of different diameters: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm and 0,32 cm. The targets were randomly arranged on the ground. After spraying and drying the spray solution, each target was washed with 25 ml of de-ionized water. These water samples were filtered and analyzed in plasma spectrophotometer. The concentrations of the tracers in the final volume of 25 mL allowed to calculate the deposits of both spray solutions (in L/cmø) in each target. These data were converted in to percent of the means for each nozzle type and target size. Frequency distribution curves were fitted to the data. The Gompertz (y=e**(a-e**(-b-c*x))) model provided the highest determination coefficients, ranging from 0,985 and 0,997. In addition to the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD%) it were estimated the values of the mean, the median, the mode and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents, using the frequency distribution curves. Among the central tendency measures, the mode, the median and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents allowed more precise comparisons of spray deposits of different nozzles in targets of several sizes; the mean is very sensitive... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
It were studied two types of nozzles. The first one is a conic jet nozzle model JÁ 1,5. The second type is a flat fan nozzle model API 110-02. The application speed was 4km/h. It were used two similar sprayers set with boons 12 m wide and nozzles spaced by 0,5m. The spray solution for the fan jet nozzle was prepared with water, potassium nitrate and copper sulfate. For the conic jet nozzle theses salts were replaced by calcium nitrate and zinc sulfate. The targets were made of formica foils cut into square plates of 13 cm x 13 cm. One hundred of these plates were used to estimate the drift. In all the other 702 plates (117 replications for each type of target) it were made central circular holes of different diameters: 10,16 cm, 5,8 cm, 2,54 cm, 1,27 cm, 0,63 cm and 0,32 cm. The targets were randomly arranged on the ground. After spraying and drying the spray solution, each target was washed with 25 ml of de-ionized water. These water samples were filtered and analyzed in plasma spectrophotometer. The concentrations of the tracers in the final volume of 25 mL allowed to calculate the deposits of both spray solutions (in L/cmø) in each target. These data were converted in to percent of the means for each nozzle type and target size. Frequency distribution curves were fitted to the data. The Gompertz (y=e**(a-e**(-b-c*x))) model provided the highest determination coefficients, ranging from 0,985 and 0,997. In addition to the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD%) it were estimated the values of the mean, the median, the mode and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents, using the frequency distribution curves. Among the central tendency measures, the mode, the median and the 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, 95, 98 and 99 percents allowed more precise comparisons of spray deposits of different nozzles in targets of several sizes; the mean is very sensitive... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Como citar
TOFOLI, Gustavo Radomille. Efeito do tamanho do alvo e condições operacionais sobre a uniformidade de deposição de pulverizações em pré-emergência. 2001. ix, 62 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2001.