Síntese de novos derivados de quitosa para aplicação como biofungicida contra os fungos Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus
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Data
2013-01-18
Autores
Pedro, Rafael de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os fungos do gênero Aspergillus, presentes em amendoins, milho, arroz, nozes e outros grãos, são uma constante preocupação nos dias atuais devido a sua capacidade de produzir toxinas cancerígenas. Dentre as várias técnicas de controle desse microrganismo, tem se destacado o uso de produtos naturais, não agressivos ao meio ambiente e de baixo custo, como por exemplo, a quitosana. O presente trabalho apresenta a síntese e caracterização de duas séries de novos derivados de quitosana para utilização como biofungicida contra os fungos Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus. A primeira série descreve a síntese de derivados de quitosana pela reação de quitosana desacetilada (QD) com brometo de propil (Q-Propil) pentil (Q-Pentil) trimetilamônio para obter derivados com proporções crescentes do grau de substituição (GS). A segunda série foi obtida a partir da síntese de sais bi-quaternários de amônio, com a posterior reação com quitosana desacetilada obtendo-se derivados bi-quaternários de quitosana. Todos os derivados foram caracterizados por técnicas de RMN 1 H, infra-vermelho (IR) e titulação potenciométrica e as suas atividades fungicidas testadas contra o crescimento micelial dos fungos A. flavus e A. parasiticus in vitro. Os estudos foram conduzidos variando-se a acidez e a força iônica do meio. Os resultados dos ensaios microbiológicos mostram que as atividades antifúngicas aumentam com o grau de substituição e os derivados mais substituídos de ambas as series, propil e pentil, exibiram respectivamente atividades três e seis vezes maiores que as quitosanas comercial e desacetilada. As concentrações inibitórias mínimas foram avaliadas após 24, 48 e 72 horas, variando-se a concentração dos polímeros de 0,5 a 16 g L -1 e os resultados mostraram que os derivados quaternários inibem o crescimento...
The fungi of the genus Aspergillus, present in peanuts, corn, rice, nuts and other grains, are a constant concern nowadays due to its ability to produce carcinogenic toxins. Among the various techniques for controlling this microorganism it has been emphasized the use of natural products not harmful to the environment and at a low cost, for example, chitosan. This paper presents the synthesis and the characterization of two series of novel derivatives of chitosan for use as biofungicide against the Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus fungi. The first series of derivatives was synthesized by the reaction of deacetylated chitosan (QD) propyl bromide (Q-Propil) and pentyl trimethylammonium (Q-Pentil) for obtaining derivatives with increasing degrees of substitution (GS). The second series was obtained from the synthesis of bi-quaternary salts, with subsequent reaction with deacetylated chitosan to yield bi-quaternary derivatives of chitosan (Q-BPHD). All derivatives were characterized using NMR techniques, infra-red (IR) and potentiometric titration and fungicides activities were tested against A. flavus and A. parasiticus by evaluating the mycelial growth of fungi in vitro. The studies were conducted by varying the acidity and ionic strength of the medium. The antifungal activities increase with the degree of substitution and the most substituted derivatives from both series, propyl and pentyl, respectively exhibited activities three to six times lighter than the commercial and deacetylated chitosans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours varying the concentration of polymer from 0.5 to 16 g L -1 and the results showed that the quaternary derivatives inhibit the growth of fungi in concentrations four times lower than deacetylated chitosan . The bi-quaternary derivative (Q-BPHD) showed the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The fungi of the genus Aspergillus, present in peanuts, corn, rice, nuts and other grains, are a constant concern nowadays due to its ability to produce carcinogenic toxins. Among the various techniques for controlling this microorganism it has been emphasized the use of natural products not harmful to the environment and at a low cost, for example, chitosan. This paper presents the synthesis and the characterization of two series of novel derivatives of chitosan for use as biofungicide against the Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus fungi. The first series of derivatives was synthesized by the reaction of deacetylated chitosan (QD) propyl bromide (Q-Propil) and pentyl trimethylammonium (Q-Pentil) for obtaining derivatives with increasing degrees of substitution (GS). The second series was obtained from the synthesis of bi-quaternary salts, with subsequent reaction with deacetylated chitosan to yield bi-quaternary derivatives of chitosan (Q-BPHD). All derivatives were characterized using NMR techniques, infra-red (IR) and potentiometric titration and fungicides activities were tested against A. flavus and A. parasiticus by evaluating the mycelial growth of fungi in vitro. The studies were conducted by varying the acidity and ionic strength of the medium. The antifungal activities increase with the degree of substitution and the most substituted derivatives from both series, propyl and pentyl, respectively exhibited activities three to six times lighter than the commercial and deacetylated chitosans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were recorded after 24, 48 and 72 hours varying the concentration of polymer from 0.5 to 16 g L -1 and the results showed that the quaternary derivatives inhibit the growth of fungi in concentrations four times lower than deacetylated chitosan . The bi-quaternary derivative (Q-BPHD) showed the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Quitosana, Quitina, Fungicidas, Aspergillus, Polissacarideos, Chitosan
Como citar
PEDRO, Rafael de Oliveira. Síntese de novos derivados de quitosa para aplicação como biofungicida contra os fungos Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus. 2013. 93 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2013.