Estudo da mobilidade do crômio em área de descarte inadequado de resíduos de couro: possível contaminação de solos, águas e sedimentos
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Data
2010-06-04
Autores
Gomes, Vinícius Marques [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As questões ambientais vêm sendo discutida cientificamente nos últimos anos, devido à necessidade de conservar os compartimentos hidrosfera, atmosfera, e litosfera e as conseqüências sobre os organismos. Dentre os diversos poluentes indicadores de contaminação ambiental, os metais devem ser vistos com grande preocupação por serem elementos não degradáveis e que atingem toda a cadeia trófica. Sua presença, em concentrações elevadas, causa mortalidade de espécies e sua introdução no organismo humano, via cadeia alimentar, pode provocar inúmeras doenças, podendo levar até a morte. Atualmente, estudos de contaminação por espécies metálicas, bem como, a remediação de áreas impactadas, resultantes de atividades antrópicas ou não, tornou-se relevante. Espécies metálicas são utilizadas em vários processos industriais, devido suas propriedades físico-químicas, apresentando ampla aplicabilidade em diferentes setores. No processamento do couro, por exemplo, são utilizados geralmente sais de crômio trivalente, sendo o sulfato básico de crômio a forma mais empregada. O descarte inadequado dos resíduos de couro (aparas) contendo crômio, quando feito em solos sem estudo quanto ao impacto ambiental pode contaminar compartimentos por lixiviação e volatilização de compostos formados pela decomposição do material descartado. Na cidade de Dobrada, interior do Estado de São Paulo, resíduos de aparas de couro foram armazenados inadequadamente, ficando em contato direto com o solo por aproximadamente nove anos. O local que funcionou como um depósito dos resíduos se localiza próximo a zona urbana e acima de um importante manancial para a cidade. Tendo em vista a mobilidade do crômio, este está sendo transportado via lixiviação para as águas subterrâneas, superficiais e depositado nos sedimentos. Assim, os resultados desse trabalho mostram que a matéria...
Environmental issues have increasingly become a focus of scientific discussion in recent years, due to the need to preserve the hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere, and address the consequences of environmental change on organisms. Amongst the various pollutants that are indicative of environmental contamination, metals should be viewed with especial concern, since these elements are not degradable and affect the entire trophic chain. Their presence at elevated concentrations causes species mortality, while their introduction into humans, via the food chain, can lead to a wide variety of diseases, or even death. Studies of contamination by metal species, as well as remediation of areas impacted by anthropogenic (and natural) action have become increasingly relevant. Metal species are used in various industrial processes, due to their physico-chemical properties, and are widely applicable in different sectors. For example, trivalent salts of chromium are normally used in the processing of leather, with the most common form employed being the basic chromium sulphate salt. In the absence of environmental impact studies, the inadequate disposal onto soils of leather residues (clippings) containing chromium can contaminate different compartments of the environment, due to leaching as well as volatilization of compounds formed during decomposition of the waste material. In the city of Dobrada, in the interior of São Paulo State, leather clipping wastes were stored improperly, in direct contact with the soil, for approximately nine years. The location that served as a waste repository is located close to an urban zone, and above an important water source supplying the city. Due to its mobility, chromium is transported by leaching to subterranean and surface waters, and is deposited in sediments. The results of the present work show that organic matter plays an important role... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Environmental issues have increasingly become a focus of scientific discussion in recent years, due to the need to preserve the hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere, and address the consequences of environmental change on organisms. Amongst the various pollutants that are indicative of environmental contamination, metals should be viewed with especial concern, since these elements are not degradable and affect the entire trophic chain. Their presence at elevated concentrations causes species mortality, while their introduction into humans, via the food chain, can lead to a wide variety of diseases, or even death. Studies of contamination by metal species, as well as remediation of areas impacted by anthropogenic (and natural) action have become increasingly relevant. Metal species are used in various industrial processes, due to their physico-chemical properties, and are widely applicable in different sectors. For example, trivalent salts of chromium are normally used in the processing of leather, with the most common form employed being the basic chromium sulphate salt. In the absence of environmental impact studies, the inadequate disposal onto soils of leather residues (clippings) containing chromium can contaminate different compartments of the environment, due to leaching as well as volatilization of compounds formed during decomposition of the waste material. In the city of Dobrada, in the interior of São Paulo State, leather clipping wastes were stored improperly, in direct contact with the soil, for approximately nine years. The location that served as a waste repository is located close to an urban zone, and above an important water source supplying the city. Due to its mobility, chromium is transported by leaching to subterranean and surface waters, and is deposited in sediments. The results of the present work show that organic matter plays an important role... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Química ambiental, Substâncias húmicas, Contaminação, Environmental chemistry
Como citar
GOMES, Vinícius Marques. Estudo da mobilidade do crômio em área de descarte inadequado de resíduos de couro: possível contaminação de solos, águas e sedimentos. 2010. 83 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2010.