Síntese de pró-fármacos derivados de metronidazol
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Data
2002-12-11
Autores
Silva, Antonio Távora de Albuquerque [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em terapêutica, cada fármaco produz uma série de efeitos, sendo usualmente, apenas um associado ao objetivo primário da farmacoterapia e todos os efeitos secundários referidos como indesejáveis. Para compostos contendo nitrogrupos, um destes efeitos é a mutagenicidade, a qual está relacionada com a gênese de metaplasias, carcinomas e na promoção do surgimento de cepas bacterianas resistentes. Dentre tais compostos encontra-se o metronidazol, um antimicrobiano de amplo espectro, largamente utilizado no mercado brasileiro, que possui atividade mutagênica para bactérias e sistemas eucariontes primitivos, e que em doses terapêuticas produz dano no DNA de linfócitos circulantes. Com a finalidade de reduzir os efeitos tóxicos, os processos de modificação molecular são amplamente utilizados. Entre eles, merece destaque a latenciação, definida como a transformação do fármaco em forma de transporte inativo (pró-fármaco) que, in vivo, sofre biotransformação, liberando a porção ativa no local de ação ou próximo dele. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter pró-fármacos de metronidazol e estudar a influência desta modificação molecular na atividade mutagênica. Para tanto foram sintetizados os compostos: ácido 4-[2-(2-metil-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-il)etóxi]-4-oxobutanóico (A), ácido 5-[2-(2-metil-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-il)etóxi]-5-oxopentanóico (B), ácido {2-[2-(2-metil-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-il)etóxi]-2-oxoetóxi} acético (C) e ácido [2-(2-metil-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-il)etóxi] acético (D), os quais foram submetidos ao teste de Ames para avaliar seus potenciais mutagênicos. Os resultados demostraram que todos os compostos sintetizados mostraram significativa redução de tal efeito quando comparados ao fármaco matriz (metronidazol).
In therapeutic, each drug produces several effects, but usually, just one is associate to the primary objective of the drug therapy, and the secondary effects are referred as undesirable. In compounds with nitrogroups, one of these effects is mutagenicity, which is related with metaplasias genesis, carcinomas and in the promotion of bacterial resistance strain. One of such compound is metronidazole, an antimicrobial with wide spectrum, broadly used in the Brazilian market, that has possesses mutagen activity for bacteria and primitive systems, and that in therapeutic doses produces DNA damage in circulating lynphocytes. With the purpose to reduce the toxic effects, the processes of molecular modification are used thoroughly. Among them, latentiation, defined as the transformation of the drug in a inactive transport form (prodrug) that, in vivo, after enzimatic clevage, release the active portion in situ. In this way, the objective of this research was to obtain metronidazole prodrugs, and study the molecular modification on mutagen activity. Were synthesized the compounds: 4-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)etoxi]-4-oxobutanoic acid (A), 5-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)etoxi]-5-oxopentanoic acid (B), {2-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)etoxi]-2-oxoetoxic}acetic acid (C) and [2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)etoxi] acetic acid (D). Mutagenic activity were evaluated by Ames test and the results showed that all synthetsized compounds decreased mutagenic effect when compared to the main drug (metronidazole).
In therapeutic, each drug produces several effects, but usually, just one is associate to the primary objective of the drug therapy, and the secondary effects are referred as undesirable. In compounds with nitrogroups, one of these effects is mutagenicity, which is related with metaplasias genesis, carcinomas and in the promotion of bacterial resistance strain. One of such compound is metronidazole, an antimicrobial with wide spectrum, broadly used in the Brazilian market, that has possesses mutagen activity for bacteria and primitive systems, and that in therapeutic doses produces DNA damage in circulating lynphocytes. With the purpose to reduce the toxic effects, the processes of molecular modification are used thoroughly. Among them, latentiation, defined as the transformation of the drug in a inactive transport form (prodrug) that, in vivo, after enzimatic clevage, release the active portion in situ. In this way, the objective of this research was to obtain metronidazole prodrugs, and study the molecular modification on mutagen activity. Were synthesized the compounds: 4-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)etoxi]-4-oxobutanoic acid (A), 5-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)etoxi]-5-oxopentanoic acid (B), {2-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)etoxi]-2-oxoetoxic}acetic acid (C) and [2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)etoxi] acetic acid (D). Mutagenic activity were evaluated by Ames test and the results showed that all synthetsized compounds decreased mutagenic effect when compared to the main drug (metronidazole).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Metronidazol - Tese, Química farmacêutica, Latenciação - Tese
Como citar
SILVA, Antonio Távora de Albuquerque. Síntese de pró-fármacos derivados de metronidazol. 2002. 90 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2002.