Padronização de extratos vegetais: Astronium urundeuva (Anacardiaceae)
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Data
2012-03-14
Autores
Souza, Leonardo Perez de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de fitoterápicos padronizados com eficácia e segurança garantidas tem mostrado resultados surpreendes em diversos países. Contudo, o Brasil ainda possui deficiências na correta caracterização dos produtos brutos e falta de um controle de qualidade mais rigoroso para esses materiais. As etapas necessárias para utilização de uma planta como fitoterápico são, primeiramente, a comprovação da sua eficácia e segurança através de ensaios farmacológicos seguidas da correta caracterização química do extrato e quantificação de alguns marcadores escolhidos para representarem a sua identidade. Astronium urundeuva é uma planta brasileira utilizada na medicina popular, para a qual são reportadas atividades antiulcerogênica e antiinflamatória, assim como efeito no trânsito gastrointestinal e em colites, sendo um alvo interessante para utilização como fitoterápico. Extratos foram preparados por percolação como descrito pela farmacopéia brasileira e avaliados por ESI-IT-MS e LC-MS apresentando em sua composição majoritária galotaninos e derivados. A caracterização química foi obtida através de duas diferentes abordagens, para os compostos majoritários análise por FIA-ESI-IT-MS forneceram indício sobre quais as substâncias presentes no extrato e HPLC-PDA com adição de padrão confirmou as identidades dessas substâncias, enquanto que os compostos minoritários tiveram que passar por uma etapa adicional de pré-concentração utilizando GPC em Sephadex LH20, depois da qual as substâncias foram identificadas ou pelo mesmo procedimento que os compostos majoritários ou por isolamento e caracterização utilizando HPLC em escala semipreparativa e espectroscopia de NMR. Dessa forma foi possível a identificação de 10 compostos fenólicos, assim como 8 galotaninos os quais foi possível...
The use of standardized phytotherapics with attested efficacy and safety has shown surprisingly good results in many countries. Nevertheless, Brazil still has deficiencies at the correct chemical characterization of raw products, and lack of a more rigorous quality control of those materials. The necessary steps for the use of a plant as a phytotherapic are, at first, proof of the efficacy and safety through pharmacological essays followed by the correct chemical characterization of the extract and quantification of some markers chosen to represent its identity. Astronium urundeuva is a Brazilian traditional herb used in folk medicine, it is reported that it shows antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory activity, as effect at the gastric transit and colitis, being an interesting target to be used as a phytotherapic. Extracts were prepared by percolation as described by Brazilian Farmacopeia and screened by FIA-ESI-IT-MS and LC-MS showing a major composition of gallotannins and derivatives. The chemical characterization was achieved with two different approaches, for the major compounds FIA-ESI-IT-MS analysis provided a clue about which substances were present at the extract and HPLC-PDA with standard addition confirm the identities of these substances, while the minor compounds had to go through an additional step of pre-concentration achieved by gel permeation chromatography using Sephadex LH20, after that the substances were identified either by the same procedure as for the major compounds or by isolation and characterization using HPLC in semi preparative scale and NMR spectroscopy. This way it was possible to identify 10 phenolic compounds, also 8 gallotannins which it was possible only to attribute the degree of polymerization since they are hardly isolated and there are no standards available. An HPLC-PDA... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The use of standardized phytotherapics with attested efficacy and safety has shown surprisingly good results in many countries. Nevertheless, Brazil still has deficiencies at the correct chemical characterization of raw products, and lack of a more rigorous quality control of those materials. The necessary steps for the use of a plant as a phytotherapic are, at first, proof of the efficacy and safety through pharmacological essays followed by the correct chemical characterization of the extract and quantification of some markers chosen to represent its identity. Astronium urundeuva is a Brazilian traditional herb used in folk medicine, it is reported that it shows antiulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory activity, as effect at the gastric transit and colitis, being an interesting target to be used as a phytotherapic. Extracts were prepared by percolation as described by Brazilian Farmacopeia and screened by FIA-ESI-IT-MS and LC-MS showing a major composition of gallotannins and derivatives. The chemical characterization was achieved with two different approaches, for the major compounds FIA-ESI-IT-MS analysis provided a clue about which substances were present at the extract and HPLC-PDA with standard addition confirm the identities of these substances, while the minor compounds had to go through an additional step of pre-concentration achieved by gel permeation chromatography using Sephadex LH20, after that the substances were identified either by the same procedure as for the major compounds or by isolation and characterization using HPLC in semi preparative scale and NMR spectroscopy. This way it was possible to identify 10 phenolic compounds, also 8 gallotannins which it was possible only to attribute the degree of polymerization since they are hardly isolated and there are no standards available. An HPLC-PDA... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Quimica organica, Plantas medicinais, Estabilidade, Organic chemistry, Medicinal plants, Stability
Como citar
SOUZA, Leonardo Perez de. Padronização de extratos vegetais: Astronium urundeuva (Anacardiaceae). 2012. 94 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2012.