Análise de perdas na rede de distribuição de água em um subsetor da cidade de Presidente Prudente - SP
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Data
2007-12-05
Autores
Patrício, Robinson José de Oliveira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A redução de perdas em sistema de abastecimento de água é um assunto de destaque no saneamento básico mundial. Perdas de até 50% causam preocupação tanto pela redução das reservas de água potável quanto pelo aumento no custo da água distribuída. Muitos sistemas são objetos de estudo para ampliação de sua capacidade de produção quando, na verdade, bastaria reduzir as perdas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido num subsetor do sistema de abastecimento da cidade de Presidente Prudente - SP. O objetivo principal foi a determinação do índice de perdas reais – causadas por vazamentos – e do índice de perdas aparentes – causadas por ligações clandestinas ou irregulares, falhas na hidrometria e por fraudes – e realizar ações de redução de perdas, monitorando seus resultados. Após a realização de cada ação, foi aguardado um período para avaliação. Nem todas as ações programadas foram realizadas e não foi possível determinar quais foram mais eficientes, mas o estudo apresenta as dificuldades encontradas e as propostas para desenvolver novos trabalhos. O índice médio de perdas encontrado foi de 222 L/ramal.dia para as perdas totais e de 182 L/ramal.dia para as perdas reais. As perdas aparentes foram de apenas 40 L/ramal.dia, o que significa que os vazamentos são preponderantes nas perdas. Foi realizado um estudo sobre a ação de troca de hidrômetros para verificação da submedição e da recuperação de volumes não medidos avaliando os erros de medição por meio da aferição dos hidrômetros substituídos e acompanhando os consumos dos hidrômetros instalados. Palavras chave: abastecimento...
The reduction of losses in the water supply system is a prominent subject in the world basic sanitation. Losses up to 50% cause concern not only by drinking water reservation reduction but also by the cost of distributed water due to the production costs and maintenance of the system. Many systems are subject of studies for enlargement of the production capacity when actually, it would be enough to reduce the losses. This work was carried out in a distribution zone of the water supply system of the Presidente Prudente-SP city. The main goal was the determination of the real losses index - caused by leakage - and the apparent losses index - caused by clandestine or irregular connections, residential water meters flaws and frauds - and to accomplish reduction of losses actions, monitoring their results. After the accomplishment of each action, a period was awaited for evaluation. Not all the programmed actions were executed and neither was possible to determine which were the most efficient ones. The study presents the difficulties found and proposals for new work developing. The mean loss index for the total losses was 222 L/service line*day and 182 L/service line*day for the real losses. The apparent loss index was only 40 L/service line*day, pointing to the preeminence of the leaks in the water losses. A study was accomplished on changing customer meters for verifying the under measurement error and the not measured volume recovering, evaluating the measuring errors through the substituted meters gauge and also following the installed customer meters consumption
The reduction of losses in the water supply system is a prominent subject in the world basic sanitation. Losses up to 50% cause concern not only by drinking water reservation reduction but also by the cost of distributed water due to the production costs and maintenance of the system. Many systems are subject of studies for enlargement of the production capacity when actually, it would be enough to reduce the losses. This work was carried out in a distribution zone of the water supply system of the Presidente Prudente-SP city. The main goal was the determination of the real losses index - caused by leakage - and the apparent losses index - caused by clandestine or irregular connections, residential water meters flaws and frauds - and to accomplish reduction of losses actions, monitoring their results. After the accomplishment of each action, a period was awaited for evaluation. Not all the programmed actions were executed and neither was possible to determine which were the most efficient ones. The study presents the difficulties found and proposals for new work developing. The mean loss index for the total losses was 222 L/service line*day and 182 L/service line*day for the real losses. The apparent loss index was only 40 L/service line*day, pointing to the preeminence of the leaks in the water losses. A study was accomplished on changing customer meters for verifying the under measurement error and the not measured volume recovering, evaluating the measuring errors through the substituted meters gauge and also following the installed customer meters consumption
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Abastecimento de água, Agua - Distribuição, Redução de perdas, Índice de perdas, Water supply, Reduction of losses, Real losses, Apparent losses, Index of losses
Como citar
PATRÍCIO, Robinson José de Oliveira. Análise de perdas na rede de distribuição de água em um subsetor da cidade de Presidente Prudente - SP. 2007.. 131 f. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2007..