Genome-wide scans to uncover loci underlying bovine reproductive biology
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Data
2013-12-16
Autores
Utsunomiya, Yuri Tani [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desempenho reprodutivo dos animais tem um grande impacto sobre a indústria da carne bovina. A caracterização de regiões genômicas que afetam a fertilidade dos animais pode contribuir para a identificação de marcadores preditivos de desempenho reprodutivo e desvendar os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos em aspectos complexos da biologia reprodutiva dos bovinos. Nos dois primeiros estudos relatados, os genomas de touros da raça Nelore (Bos indicus) foram examinados em busca de loci que explicam variação nas características peso ao nascer (PN) e perímetro escrotal (PE), utilizando dados de mais de 777.000 marcadores do tipo polimorfismo de sítio único (single nucleotide polymorphism - SNP). Um segmento do cromossomo 14, o qual engloba o gene ortólogo PLAG1 que afeta estatura em humanos, foi encontrado tanto em PN quanto em PE. Este locus possui efeitos pleiotrópicos sobre características reprodutivas e de tamanho corporal em bovinos, e representa um ponto de partida para a dissecção da genética da fertilidade bovina. Em outro estudo, um teste estatístico composto foi desenvolvido e aplicado na busca de evidências de assinaturas de seleção no genoma de raças bovinas de leite e de corte. Padrões de variação genética que podem ter sido moldadas pela seleção humana foram detectados no genoma de quatro diferentes raças bovinas (Angus, Pardo Suíço, Gir e Nelore). O estudo indica o gene Cornichon 3 (CNIH3) como um forte candidato, que pode estar envolvido na regulação do pico pré-ovulatório do hormônio luteinizante na raça Pardo-Suíço. Embora estes resultados apenas toquem a superfície dos mecanismos moleculares por trás da reprodução dos bovinos, os loci aqui identificados abrigam novos e conhecidos genes candidatos que afetam a fertilidade da espécie, e oferecem novas perspectivas sobre aspectos complexos de sua biologia reprodutiva
Reproductive performance has a high impact on the beef cattle industry. The characterization of genomic regions affecting fertility can contribute to the identification of diagnostic markers for reproductive performance and uncover molecular mechanisms underlying complex aspects of bovine reproductive biology. In the first two reported studies, the genomes of progeny-tested Nellore bulls (Bos indicus) were scanned for loci explaining variance in birth weight (BW) and scrotal circunferemce (SC), using data containing over 777,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Among the identified loci, a chromosome segment located on autosome 14, encompassing the orthologous human stature gene pleiomorphic adenoma 1 (PLAG1), was found to affect both BW and SC. This locus has been found to have pleiotropic effects on reproduction and body size traits in cattle, and represents a starting point to the dissection of the complex inheritance of bovine fertility. In a separate study, a composite statistical test was developed and applied to scan dairy and beef cattle genomes for evidences of natural and artificial selection signatures. Patterns of genetic variation that may have been shaped by human-driven selection were detected in the genomes of four different cattle breeds (Angus, Brown Swiss, Gyr and Nellore). The study pointed to the Cornichon homolog 3 gene (CNIH3) as a strong candidate involved in the regulation of pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in Brown Swiss. Although these findings only scratch the surface of the molecular mechanisms underlying bovine reproduction, the loci identified here harbor known and novel functional candidate genes affecting fertility in cattle and offer new insights on complex aspects of bovine reproductive biology
Reproductive performance has a high impact on the beef cattle industry. The characterization of genomic regions affecting fertility can contribute to the identification of diagnostic markers for reproductive performance and uncover molecular mechanisms underlying complex aspects of bovine reproductive biology. In the first two reported studies, the genomes of progeny-tested Nellore bulls (Bos indicus) were scanned for loci explaining variance in birth weight (BW) and scrotal circunferemce (SC), using data containing over 777,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Among the identified loci, a chromosome segment located on autosome 14, encompassing the orthologous human stature gene pleiomorphic adenoma 1 (PLAG1), was found to affect both BW and SC. This locus has been found to have pleiotropic effects on reproduction and body size traits in cattle, and represents a starting point to the dissection of the complex inheritance of bovine fertility. In a separate study, a composite statistical test was developed and applied to scan dairy and beef cattle genomes for evidences of natural and artificial selection signatures. Patterns of genetic variation that may have been shaped by human-driven selection were detected in the genomes of four different cattle breeds (Angus, Brown Swiss, Gyr and Nellore). The study pointed to the Cornichon homolog 3 gene (CNIH3) as a strong candidate involved in the regulation of pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in Brown Swiss. Although these findings only scratch the surface of the molecular mechanisms underlying bovine reproduction, the loci identified here harbor known and novel functional candidate genes affecting fertility in cattle and offer new insights on complex aspects of bovine reproductive biology
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bovino - Reprodução, Nelore (Zebu), Genomas, Genômica, Fecundidade, Peso ao nascer, Gene, Genomics
Como citar
UTSUNOMIYA, Yuri Tani. Genome-wide scans to uncover loci underlying bovine reproductive biology. 2013. xii, 106 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.