Uso e ocupação do solo e monitoramento dos recursos hídricos na microbacia do Córrego do Ipê, Ilha Solteira, SP
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Data
2012-02-03
Autores
Santos, Gilmar Oliveira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil possui um grande potencial hídrico, porém, apresenta deficiência em termos de monitoramento qualitativo e quantitativo das águas e conhecimento do entorno que possam acarretar em impactos ambientais. Assim, este trabalho teve como propósito apresentar o uso e ocupação do solo e as áreas com uso em conflito e as respectivas influências no monitoramento qualitativo e quantitativo das águas para fins de irrigação na microbacia do córrego do Ipê, município de Ilha Solteira, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Determinou-se o uso e ocupação do solo nos anos de 1978 e 2011 a partir de fotografias aéreas e por fusão de imagens de satélite CBERS 2B HRC e Landsat-5, respectivamente. Os períodos de análise qualitativos das águas foram realizados de 2006 a 2011 e quantitativo de 2009 a 2011. Foram georreferenciados quatro pontos de monitoramento na microbacia. A relação entre uso e ocupação do solo e o monitoramento qualitativo foi obtido através da correlação de Pearson. A microbacia apresentou drástica mudança de uso e ocupação do solo, sendo o predomínio da pastagem ocupada pela cultura da cana-de-açúcar, além de apresentar mais de 62% das áreas de preservação permanente em conflito com uso antrópico. O ferro total foi o parâmetro que apresentou maior potencial de geração de danos aos sistemas de irrigação e os coliformes fecais e totais apresentaram valores preocupantes, principalmente nos pontos 3 e 4 de monitoramento, influenciando o desempenho dos sistemas de irrigação e impactando no consumo e em alimentos in natura. O manancial apresentou disponibilidade hídrica acima da vazão mínima de 7 dias consecutivos com período de retorno de 10 anos durante todo o período de monitoramento. As reduzidas áreas de preservação permanente, a má conservação do solo e a expansão...
Brazil has a large hydro potential, although, deficient in terms of qualitative and quantitative monitoring of water and knowledge of the environment that may result in environmental impacts. This study aimed to provide qualitative and quantitative monitoring of water for irrigation purposes and the influences caused by the use and occupation of land in the watershed of the stream of Ipê, city of Ilha Solteira, northwest of São Paulo. It was determined the use and occupation of land in the years 1978 and 2011 from aerial photographs and satellite images fusion of CBERS 2B HRC and Landsat-5, respectively. The periods of analysis of water quality were conducted from 2006 to 2011 and from 2009 to 2011 quantitatively. Four points were georeferenced monitoring in the watershed. To see the influences used the Pearson correlation. The watershed had a drastic change in the use and occupation, and the predominance of grazing leading to culture of cane sugar, which in both tests was obtained over 62% of permanent preservation areas in conflict with anthropic use. The total iron was the parameter with the highest power generation of damage to irrigation systems and fecal coliforms and total values were worrying, especially in sections 3 and 4 monitoring, influencing the performance of irrigation systems and impacting on consumption and fresh food. The spring water availability presented above the Q7,10 throughout the monitoring period. The small permanent preservation areas, poor soil conservation and uncontrolled expansion of urban areas resulted in the deterioration of water quality and availability, generating socio-economic and environmental area, since it is part of the watershed areas of strategic interest is to urban expansion planned by director's town while the growth potential of irrigated agriculture
Brazil has a large hydro potential, although, deficient in terms of qualitative and quantitative monitoring of water and knowledge of the environment that may result in environmental impacts. This study aimed to provide qualitative and quantitative monitoring of water for irrigation purposes and the influences caused by the use and occupation of land in the watershed of the stream of Ipê, city of Ilha Solteira, northwest of São Paulo. It was determined the use and occupation of land in the years 1978 and 2011 from aerial photographs and satellite images fusion of CBERS 2B HRC and Landsat-5, respectively. The periods of analysis of water quality were conducted from 2006 to 2011 and from 2009 to 2011 quantitatively. Four points were georeferenced monitoring in the watershed. To see the influences used the Pearson correlation. The watershed had a drastic change in the use and occupation, and the predominance of grazing leading to culture of cane sugar, which in both tests was obtained over 62% of permanent preservation areas in conflict with anthropic use. The total iron was the parameter with the highest power generation of damage to irrigation systems and fecal coliforms and total values were worrying, especially in sections 3 and 4 monitoring, influencing the performance of irrigation systems and impacting on consumption and fresh food. The spring water availability presented above the Q7,10 throughout the monitoring period. The small permanent preservation areas, poor soil conservation and uncontrolled expansion of urban areas resulted in the deterioration of water quality and availability, generating socio-economic and environmental area, since it is part of the watershed areas of strategic interest is to urban expansion planned by director's town while the growth potential of irrigated agriculture
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solo - Uso, Água - Qualidade, Land use, Water quality
Como citar
SANTOS, Gilmar Oliveira. Uso e ocupação do solo e monitoramento dos recursos hídricos na microbacia do Córrego do Ipê, Ilha Solteira, SP. 2012. 164 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2012.