Determinação de horário de vôo e fatores que o influenciam, em scarabaeidae coprófagos diurnos e noturnos em Selvíria/MS
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Data
2009-08-28
Autores
Mesquita Filho, Walter [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A atividade de vôo em besouros coprófagos é de extrema importância pois é neste momento em que estes encontram seu alimento, a massa fecal, através de odores liberados por estas. O horário de vôo é importante devido à grande competição que ocorre entre as espécies. Tanto fatores abióticos quanto bióticos influenciam essa atividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o horário de vôo de e a influência de ambos os fatores na regulação deste, em área de fragmento de Mata Atlântica e pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens, na Fazenda da UNESP, em Selvíria/MS. Utilizou-se de armadilhas pitfall em ambas as áreas, iscadas com massa fecal bovina, colocadas às 7:00 h e às 18:00 h, e luminosa, localizada na área de pastagem. A coleta dos besouros coprófagos foi feita a cada 20 min, durante 24 horas, uma vez por semana, e dos dados climáticos a cada 10 min. De outubro de 2006 a março de 2007 foram coletados 14205 indivíduos, sendo 11737 em luminosa, 1635 em pitfall no pasto e 835 em pitfall na mata e identificando-se 61 espécies de besouros coprófagos. Em relação aos tipos de armadilhas utilizadas, luminosa foi mais eficiente na captura de espécies endocoprídeas que a armadilha pitfall. Em condições de alta densidade populacional a armadilha luminosa expressou de forma similar às armadilhas pitfall os padrões de vôo das espécies paracoprídeas noturnas, porém quando em baixa densidade, em função do maior número de repetições, as armadilhas pitfall foram melhores. Quanto ao período de vôo, a maioria das espécies coletadas foi de hábito noturno, este talvez determinado pelas altas temperaturas do ar reinantes durante o período diurno, das quais estas procuram escapar, em especial aquelas paracoprídeas. A intensidade luminosa foi a variável meteorológica responsável pelo início do vôo tanto em espécies noturnas endocoprídeas...
Flight activity in dung beetles is of extreme importance, for this is the time when they find their food, the dung pad, by volatiles released by them. The time of flight is important due to a high degree of competition that occurs among dung beetle species. Both abiotic and biotic factors influence this activity. The objective of this research was to determine the time of flight of dung beetles and the influence of both abiotic/biotic factors on its regulation, in a fragment of Atlantic forest and Brachiaria decumbens pasture, at the UNESP Farm, located in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Pitfall traps were used in both areas, baited with fresh bovine dung pads, at 7:00 AM and replaced by fresh ones again at 6:00 PM, and also a black light flight intercept trap in the pasture area. Trapped beetles were collected every 20 min for 24 hours straight, once a week, while climatic data were gathered every 10 min, from October 2006 until March 2007. A total of 14,205 specimens were trapped, 11,737 in the flight trap, while in pitfall traps 1,635 and 835 beetles were trapped in the pasture and fragment areas, respectively, corresponding to 61 different species. The flight trap was more efficient in trapping endocoprid species. When in high population, the flight pattern of nocturnal paracoprid beetles was equally well expressed by both trap types, while in low densities pitfall traps performed better, probably due to a larger number of replications. Most trapped species proved to be nocturnal, perhaps due to the high daily air temperatures, from which they could be avoiding, especially so for the paracoprid species. The light intensity was the meteorological factor responsible for flight initiation, in both endocoprid and paracoprid species. The flight in nocturnal endocoprid species was of short duration (ca. 80 min), probably because of their greater inability of regulating their... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Flight activity in dung beetles is of extreme importance, for this is the time when they find their food, the dung pad, by volatiles released by them. The time of flight is important due to a high degree of competition that occurs among dung beetle species. Both abiotic and biotic factors influence this activity. The objective of this research was to determine the time of flight of dung beetles and the influence of both abiotic/biotic factors on its regulation, in a fragment of Atlantic forest and Brachiaria decumbens pasture, at the UNESP Farm, located in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Pitfall traps were used in both areas, baited with fresh bovine dung pads, at 7:00 AM and replaced by fresh ones again at 6:00 PM, and also a black light flight intercept trap in the pasture area. Trapped beetles were collected every 20 min for 24 hours straight, once a week, while climatic data were gathered every 10 min, from October 2006 until March 2007. A total of 14,205 specimens were trapped, 11,737 in the flight trap, while in pitfall traps 1,635 and 835 beetles were trapped in the pasture and fragment areas, respectively, corresponding to 61 different species. The flight trap was more efficient in trapping endocoprid species. When in high population, the flight pattern of nocturnal paracoprid beetles was equally well expressed by both trap types, while in low densities pitfall traps performed better, probably due to a larger number of replications. Most trapped species proved to be nocturnal, perhaps due to the high daily air temperatures, from which they could be avoiding, especially so for the paracoprid species. The light intensity was the meteorological factor responsible for flight initiation, in both endocoprid and paracoprid species. The flight in nocturnal endocoprid species was of short duration (ca. 80 min), probably because of their greater inability of regulating their... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Inseto - Voo, Escarabeideo, Temperatura atmosferica, Cerrados, Luminosidade, Fligh activity, Dung beetle, Luminosity, Air temperature, Cerrado
Como citar
MESQUITA FILHO, Walter. Determinação de horário de vôo e fatores que o influenciam, em scarabaeidae coprófagos diurnos e noturnos em Selvíria/MS. 2009.. 146 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2009..