Associação micorrízica arbuscular com genótipos de milho
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Data
2003-05-23
Autores
Aquino, Sueli da Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O milho é uma das culturas mais cultivadas no mundo, e constitui a base alimentar para milhões de pessoas, sendo uma das espécies mais estudadas e melhoradas atualmente. Devido ao seu rápido crescimento, esta cultura apresenta elevada demanda de nutrientes, especialmente nitrogênio e fósforo, podendo assim beneficiar-se da associação com microrganismos do solo, entre estes, os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares. O benefício destes é reconhecido cientificamente, e abrange um vasto número de culturas economicamente importantes, podendo destacar-se de um modo geral as gramíneas, como beneficiadas neste processo de associação simbiótica. O estudo foi conduzido em condições de campo, na Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia, Campus de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, localizada em Selvíria-MS, no ano agrícola de 2001/2002. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar variações na associação micorrízica arbuscular com diferentes genótipos de milho, utilizando fungos micorrízicos arbusculares autóctones, em condições de campo com baixo nível tecnológico. Os caracteres estudados foram: número de esporos/100 g de solo, porcentagem de colonização micorrízica, altura de inserção de espiga, altura de planta, produção de matéria seca e rendimento de grãos, em linhagens endogâmicas e seus híbridos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 2 repetições e 30 tratamentos. Para a porcentagem de colonização micorrízica foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre linhagens, híbridos e para o contraste linhagens versus híbridos. Para o rendimento de grãos, ocorreram diferenças significativas entre híbridos e para o contraste. A análise qualitativa de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares autóctones constatou a presença de 12 espécies, sendo Scutellospora calospora... .
Corn is one of the most cultivated crops in the world, and constitutes the alimentary basis for millions of people. Due to its faster growth, the corn crop presents high demand for nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus. Thus, the association with soil microorganisms, among these the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be very beneficial to the crop. This beneficial symbiotic association is recognized scientifically, and it embraces a vast number of cultures economically important. The present study was conducted in field conditions, in the Experimental Farm of UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-SP, in the agricultural year of 2001/2002. The objective was to verify the of autochthonous association arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with different corn genotypes in field conditions. The following characters were studied: number of spores/100 g of soil, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, height of corn ear insert, plant height, dry matter production and grain yield in inbred lines and their hybrids. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks, with 2 repetitions and 30 treatments. For the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization significant differences were detected among inbred lines, hybrids and for the contrast inbred lines versus hybrids. For the grain yield, there was significant differences between hybrids and for the contrast. The qualitative analysis of autochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi indicated the presence of 12 species. Scutellospora calospora, Entrophospora colombiana and Scutellospora pellucida were the most abundant ones. There were qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of AMF and preferential associations among AMFs and genotypes. In general, the characters were positively correlated with production of dry matter and productivity of grains. For percentage... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Corn is one of the most cultivated crops in the world, and constitutes the alimentary basis for millions of people. Due to its faster growth, the corn crop presents high demand for nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus. Thus, the association with soil microorganisms, among these the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be very beneficial to the crop. This beneficial symbiotic association is recognized scientifically, and it embraces a vast number of cultures economically important. The present study was conducted in field conditions, in the Experimental Farm of UNESP - Campus de Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-SP, in the agricultural year of 2001/2002. The objective was to verify the of autochthonous association arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with different corn genotypes in field conditions. The following characters were studied: number of spores/100 g of soil, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, height of corn ear insert, plant height, dry matter production and grain yield in inbred lines and their hybrids. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks, with 2 repetitions and 30 treatments. For the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization significant differences were detected among inbred lines, hybrids and for the contrast inbred lines versus hybrids. For the grain yield, there was significant differences between hybrids and for the contrast. The qualitative analysis of autochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi indicated the presence of 12 species. Scutellospora calospora, Entrophospora colombiana and Scutellospora pellucida were the most abundant ones. There were qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of AMF and preferential associations among AMFs and genotypes. In general, the characters were positively correlated with production of dry matter and productivity of grains. For percentage... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Microbiologia, Microorganismos do solo, Milho - Cultivo, Zea mays
Como citar
AQUINO, Sueli da Silva. Associação micorrízica arbuscular com genótipos de milho. 2003. . Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2003.