Fontes e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em feijoeiro de inverno em sistema plantio direto
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Data
2008-02-11
Autores
Nascimento, Rildo Santana do [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O nitrogênio é o nutriente absorvido em maior quantidade pelo feijoeiro, sendo que o manejo da adubação nitrogenada pode interferir no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da cultura. Neste sentido, o trabalho foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental da UNESP – Ilha Solteira localizada em Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de fontes e épocas de aplicação do nitrogênio no desenvolvimento e produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno no sistema plantio direto utilizando irrigação por aspersão em dois anos de cultivo (2006 e 2007). O solo do local é do tipo Latossolo Vermelho argiloso, a área foi cultivada nos 5 anos anteriores com milho no verão e feijão no inverno. O cultivar utilizado foi o Pérola e o delineamento experimental foi o em blocos casualizados com 16 tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 8, sendo duas fontes de nitrogênio (uréia e sulfonitrato de amônio), aplicadas em sete ocasiões (30 dias antes da semeadura, 15 dias antes da semeadura, na semeadura, 15 dias após a semeadura, 30 dias após a semeadura, 1/3 na semeadura + 2/3 15 dias após a semeadura, 1/3 na semeadura + 2/3 30 dias após a semeadura) na dose de 90 kg de N ha-1, além da testemunha (sem aplicação de N). Os resultados obtidos revelaram influência das fontes na população de plantas somente no segundo ano de cultivo e a população média de plantas em cada ano de cultivo pode ter influenciado direta ou indiretamente as demais variáveis. Maiores valores de massa seca de plantas foram observados quando o nitrogênio foi aplicado em dose total na semeadura. O teor de nitrogênio foliar não apresentou diferença entre os tratamentos devido à fontes ou épocas de aplicação de N, porém em 2006 os tratamentos que receberam N foram superiores à testemunha. O número de vagens planta-1 e de grãos planta-1 não foram influenciados...
Nitrogen is the nutrient uptaken in larger amount in common bean, and the management of the nitrogen fertilization can interfere in common bean crop yield. The work was developed at experimental station of University of São Paulo State – Ilha Solteira - Campus, located in Selvíria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul – Brazil, on a dystrophic clayey Haplic Acrustox cultivated in the previous five years with corn in the summer and common bean in the winter. The objective was to study the effect of sources and time of N application in common bean growth cropped under no-tillage, irrigated by sprinkle. Pérola cultivar was used and the experimental design was a randomized complete blocks, with 16 treatments in a factorial scheme 2 x 8: two sources of nitrogen (urea and ammonium sulfonitrate - fertilizer with inhibitor of nitrification), applied in seven times (30 days before sowing, 15 days before sowing, at sowing, 15 days after sowing, 30 days after sowing, 1/3 at sowing + 2/3 15 days after sowing, 1/3 at sowing + 2/3 30 days after sowing) and the control (without N) in two cropping years (2006 and 2007). The obtained results only revealed influence of sources in the stand at the second cropping year and the medium stand obtained in each cropping year might have influenced direct or indirectly the other results. Higher values of plant dry mass were obtained when the nitrogen was applied in total dosage at sowing. The nitrogen content on the leaves did not present difference among treatments; however, in 2006 the treatments that received N were superior to the control. The number of pods per plant and seeds per plant were not influenced by treatments. The number of seeds per pod and the mass of 100 grains were influenced by times of nitrogen application in 2006; however, with apparent relation to other production components results. The sources and nitrogen time application did not influence the grain yield of winter common bean in no till system.
Nitrogen is the nutrient uptaken in larger amount in common bean, and the management of the nitrogen fertilization can interfere in common bean crop yield. The work was developed at experimental station of University of São Paulo State – Ilha Solteira - Campus, located in Selvíria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul – Brazil, on a dystrophic clayey Haplic Acrustox cultivated in the previous five years with corn in the summer and common bean in the winter. The objective was to study the effect of sources and time of N application in common bean growth cropped under no-tillage, irrigated by sprinkle. Pérola cultivar was used and the experimental design was a randomized complete blocks, with 16 treatments in a factorial scheme 2 x 8: two sources of nitrogen (urea and ammonium sulfonitrate - fertilizer with inhibitor of nitrification), applied in seven times (30 days before sowing, 15 days before sowing, at sowing, 15 days after sowing, 30 days after sowing, 1/3 at sowing + 2/3 15 days after sowing, 1/3 at sowing + 2/3 30 days after sowing) and the control (without N) in two cropping years (2006 and 2007). The obtained results only revealed influence of sources in the stand at the second cropping year and the medium stand obtained in each cropping year might have influenced direct or indirectly the other results. Higher values of plant dry mass were obtained when the nitrogen was applied in total dosage at sowing. The nitrogen content on the leaves did not present difference among treatments; however, in 2006 the treatments that received N were superior to the control. The number of pods per plant and seeds per plant were not influenced by treatments. The number of seeds per pod and the mass of 100 grains were influenced by times of nitrogen application in 2006; however, with apparent relation to other production components results. The sources and nitrogen time application did not influence the grain yield of winter common bean in no till system.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Feijão irrigado - Adubação, Nitrogenio na agricultura, Ureia como fertilizante, Fertilizantes nitrogenados, Phaseolus vulgaris L, Nitrogen fertilization, Nitrogen anticipation, Production components, Ammonium sulfonitrate, Urea
Como citar
NASCIMENTO, Rildo Santana do. Fontes e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em feijoeiro de inverno em sistema plantio direto. 2008. 50 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2008.