Comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e qualidade da água e do sedimento das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Lavapés, Capivara, Araquá e Pardo, município de Botucatu(SP) e região
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Data
2009-03-07
Autores
Oliveira, Paula Caroline dos Reis [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os rios de pequeno e médio porte são os ecossistemas aquáticos altamente representativos no estado de São Paulo que, tendo a maior produção econômica e maior densidade demográfica do país, sofre com a intensa degradação ambiental. A análise integrada das características da água, do sedimento e da comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e fundamental para a determinação da qualidade dos ambientes lóticos. 0 presente trabalho buscou avaliar características limnológicas gerais da água e sedimento, bem como a fauna de macroinvertebrados bentônicos dos principais rios do município de Botucatu e região (Capivara, Lavapés, Araquá e Pardo). Os estudos foram feitos em dois períodos do ano: chuvoso (março/2007) e seco (setembro/2007). A largura, profundidade, vazão e temperatura da água aumentaram no sentido jusante; a velocidade, transparência da água e oxigênio dissolvido foram maiores nos trechos à montante; a luminosidade foi total na maioria das estações de amostragem e o pH foi ácido em todos os rios estudados. As estações que sofrem maior impacto de fontes de poluição (rio Lavapés e Araquá) apresentaram os maiores valores de condutividade elétrica, material em suspensão (orgânico e inorgânico), nitrogênio total, nitrato, nitrito, amônia fósforo total, fosfato total dissolvido (orgânico e inorgânico), DBO e coliformes termotolerantes. A maior concentração de silicato foi encontrada no rio Capivara e está relacionada com os intensos processos erosivos na bacia. No período chuvoso a condutividade elétrica, turbidez, material em suspensão foram maiores, enquanto que a clorofila- a foi maior no período seco. Foram encontrados 151 táxons e abundância máxima de 116.481 ind/m2 . Chironomidae apresentou a maior riqueza, seguido...
Rivers and streams of low and medium orders are among the most important aquatic ecosystem of Sao Paulo. This State has the highest economical production and demographic density of the country. Thus, these environments are under severe degradation. Integrated analyses of water, sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates are essential in the assessment of freshwater quality. This study aimed to assess the environmental quality and structure of benthic macroinvertebrates of the main rivers and streams of Botucatu (SP) (Capivara, Lavapes, Araqua and Pardo) and adjacent region. The fieldwork was carried out in rainy (March/207) and dry (September/2007) seasons. Channel width, depth, water velocity and temperature increased towards the rivers mouth. Velocity, water transparency and dissolved oxygen were higher in the upstream sampling stations, light penetration was total in most sampling stations and pH was acid in all studied streams. The most impacted sampling stations, basically by pollution sources (Lavapés and Araquá Rivers), exhibited the highest values of electric conductivity, suspended matter (organic and inorganic), total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total dissolved phosphorus (organic and inorganic), BOD and thermotolerant coliforms. Higher silicate concentrations were observed in Capivara stream and were related erosive processes in the basin. Electric conductivity, turbidity and suspended matter were higher in the rainy season and chlorophyll in the dry season. A total of 151 taxa, and a maximum abundance of 116,481 indom-2 , were observed. Chironomidae had the highest richness of taxa, followed by Trichoptera, Oligochaeta and Ephemeroptera. Chironomidae was also the most abundant group, followed by Oligochaeta and Ephemeroptera. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera Trichoptera and Chironomus gr. decorus were the best (bio) indicators of the environmental conditions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Rivers and streams of low and medium orders are among the most important aquatic ecosystem of Sao Paulo. This State has the highest economical production and demographic density of the country. Thus, these environments are under severe degradation. Integrated analyses of water, sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates are essential in the assessment of freshwater quality. This study aimed to assess the environmental quality and structure of benthic macroinvertebrates of the main rivers and streams of Botucatu (SP) (Capivara, Lavapes, Araqua and Pardo) and adjacent region. The fieldwork was carried out in rainy (March/207) and dry (September/2007) seasons. Channel width, depth, water velocity and temperature increased towards the rivers mouth. Velocity, water transparency and dissolved oxygen were higher in the upstream sampling stations, light penetration was total in most sampling stations and pH was acid in all studied streams. The most impacted sampling stations, basically by pollution sources (Lavapés and Araquá Rivers), exhibited the highest values of electric conductivity, suspended matter (organic and inorganic), total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total dissolved phosphorus (organic and inorganic), BOD and thermotolerant coliforms. Higher silicate concentrations were observed in Capivara stream and were related erosive processes in the basin. Electric conductivity, turbidity and suspended matter were higher in the rainy season and chlorophyll in the dry season. A total of 151 taxa, and a maximum abundance of 116,481 indom-2 , were observed. Chironomidae had the highest richness of taxa, followed by Trichoptera, Oligochaeta and Ephemeroptera. Chironomidae was also the most abundant group, followed by Oligochaeta and Ephemeroptera. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera Trichoptera and Chironomus gr. decorus were the best (bio) indicators of the environmental conditions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Meio ambiente - Preservação - Botucatu (SP), Invertebrados de água doce, Zoologia, Limnologia, Bioindicator, Biotic indexes, Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera
Como citar
OLIVEIRA, Paula Caroline dos Reis. Comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e qualidade da água e do sedimento das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Lavapés, Capivara, Araquá e Pardo, município de Botucatu(SP) e região. 2009. 184 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2009.