Dieta e morfologia trófica de duas espécies simpátricas de peixes voadores (Hemidous microlepis e Hemiodus unimaculatus) na região do médio curso do rio Tocantins, na área de influência da UHE Luís Eduardo Magalhães - TO
Data
2006-11-07
Autores
Maquiaveli, Claudia do Carmo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho foram determinados aspectos importantes sobre a dieta das espécies de peixes voadores, Hemiodus microlepis e Hemiodus unimaculatus, ao longo do rio Tocantins e tributários na região da UHE Luís Eduardo Magalhães. Foram verificados períodos de atividade alimentar, utilização de recursos, sobreposição e morfologia trófica, das duas espécies de peixes voadores. As espécies de Hemiodus consumiram detrito e algas filamentosas como itens principais. Diferenças estatísticas significativas quanto ao consumo do detrito do fundo e do perifíton, foram relacionadas às características morfológicas tróficas de cada espécie e às diferenças sazonais ao longo do ano, entre os pontos de coleta. Quanto às variáveis morfológicas tróficas, o comprimento do intestino, o comprimento da cabeça e o comprimento da mandíbula inferior diferiram estatisticamente entre H. microlepis e H. unimaculatus. Em todos os locais de coleta, a maior quantidade de detrito nos estômagos de H. microlepis, pode ser justificada pelo número de dentes na mandíbula superior e de rastros branquiais. Em média, essas variáveis foram mais numerosas para H. microlepis, porque auxiliaram na retenção de partículas menores de alimento na cavidade orofaríngea. Verificamos que as duas espécies de peixes voadores foram diurnas, porém H. microlepis alimentou-se preferencialmente ao meio dia, ao passo que H. unimaculatus teve hábito diurno crepuscular. A sobreposição da dieta foi alta durante todo o período de estudo, exceto no mês de junho. Características morfológicas, atividade alimentar e diferenças na utilização do substrato de fundo foram relacionadas à partilha de recursos e coexistência de H. microlepis e H. unimaculatus ao longo de sua história evolutiva e as interações mais recentes no novo ambiente formado, após o represamento do rio Tocantins.
In this work important aspects on the diet had been determined of the species of flying fish, Hemiodus microlepis and Hemiodus unimaculatus, throughout the river Tocantins and tributaries in the region of the UHE Luis Eduardo Magalhães. Periods of alimentary activity, use of resources, overlapping and trophic morphology, of the two species of flying fish had been verified. The species of Hemiodus had consumed debris and filamentous algae seaweed as main accounts. Significant statistical differences how much to the consumption of the debris of the deep one and perifton, they had been related to the trophic morphologic characteristics of each species and to the seasonal differences throughout the year, it enters the sample site. The trophic morphologic variable length of the intestine, length of the head and length of the under jaw had differed statistical between H. microlepis and H. unimaculatus. In all the collection places, the biggest amount of debris in the stomachs of H. microlepis, it can be justified by the number of teeth in the upper jaw and branchial tracks. On average, these variables had been more numerous for H. microlepis, because they had assisted in lesser the food particle retention in the oral cavity. We verify that the two species of flying fish had been diurnal, however H. microlepis were fed preferential to the half day, to the step that H. unimaculatus had diurnecrepuscular habit. The overlapping of the diet was high during all the period of study, except in the June month. Morphologic characteristics, alimentary activity and differences in the use of the substratum of deep had been related to the allotment of resources and coexistence of H. microlepis and H. unimaculatus throughout its evolution history and the interactions most recent in the new formed environment, after the damming of the river Tocantins.
In this work important aspects on the diet had been determined of the species of flying fish, Hemiodus microlepis and Hemiodus unimaculatus, throughout the river Tocantins and tributaries in the region of the UHE Luis Eduardo Magalhães. Periods of alimentary activity, use of resources, overlapping and trophic morphology, of the two species of flying fish had been verified. The species of Hemiodus had consumed debris and filamentous algae seaweed as main accounts. Significant statistical differences how much to the consumption of the debris of the deep one and perifton, they had been related to the trophic morphologic characteristics of each species and to the seasonal differences throughout the year, it enters the sample site. The trophic morphologic variable length of the intestine, length of the head and length of the under jaw had differed statistical between H. microlepis and H. unimaculatus. In all the collection places, the biggest amount of debris in the stomachs of H. microlepis, it can be justified by the number of teeth in the upper jaw and branchial tracks. On average, these variables had been more numerous for H. microlepis, because they had assisted in lesser the food particle retention in the oral cavity. We verify that the two species of flying fish had been diurnal, however H. microlepis were fed preferential to the half day, to the step that H. unimaculatus had diurnecrepuscular habit. The overlapping of the diet was high during all the period of study, except in the June month. Morphologic characteristics, alimentary activity and differences in the use of the substratum of deep had been related to the allotment of resources and coexistence of H. microlepis and H. unimaculatus throughout its evolution history and the interactions most recent in the new formed environment, after the damming of the river Tocantins.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Peixe, Piau-voador
Como citar
MAQUIAVELI, Claudia do Carmo. Dieta e morfologia trófica de duas espécies simpátricas de peixes voadores (Hemidous microlepis e Hemiodus unimaculatus) na região do médio curso do rio Tocantins, na área de influência da UHE Luís Eduardo Magalhães - TO. 2006. 82 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2006.