Relações filogenéticas entre as espécies de Rhinocerophis Garman, 1881 (Serpentes; Viperidae; Crotalinae)
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2010-03-04
Autores
Martão, Luciana Ribeiro [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O gênero Rhinocerophis pertence à família Viperidae e subfamília Crotalinae. Esta subfamília é composta por 31 gêneros e cerca de 170 espécies distribuídas pelas Américas e Ásia. Historicamente este gênero era considerado como um dos grupos pertencentes ao gênero Bothrops, no entanto diversos estudos baseados em evidências morfológicas e moleculares sugeriam a existência de grupos monofiléticos, o que levou à subdivisão em grupos menores e mais homogêneos, tanto na morfologia quanto em aspectos ecológicos. Assim, Bothrops (senso lato) foi subdividido em Rhinocerophis, Bothropoides e o gênero nominal. A monofilia de Rhinocerophis tem sido sugerida em diversos trabalhos, entretanto as relações filogenéticas entre as espécies que o compõe não são satisfatoriamente compreendidas. Neste trabalho foi corroborada a hipótese de monofilia do gênero e proposta a hipótese de relacionamento filogenético entre suas espécies. A análise filogenética de parcimônia foi baseada em caracteres da morfologia externa, anatomia hemipeniana e osteologia craniana. Para tal, foram incluídas nesta análise, além de Rhinocerophis, espécies pertencentes a Bothropoides, Bothriopsis, Bothrops e Bothrocophias hyoprora, representantes do grupo-externo, totalizando dezessete espécies. Bothrocophias hyoprora foi a espécie escolhida para enraizar o cladograma por ser evidentemente externa aos demais táxons. Foram examinados 538 espécimes, 42 hemipênes e 44 crânios, que originou uma matriz com 99 caracteres. A análise desta matriz resultou em uma única árvore mais parcimoniosa com 195.784 passos, índice de consistência igual a 0,67 e índice de retenção igual a 0,79. A monofilia de Rhinocerophis foi sustentada por dez sinapomorfias e as relações entre os táxons obtidas foram as seguintes: (((R. ammodytoides – R. itapetiningae) ((R. alternatus – R. jonathani)...
The genus Rhinocerophis belongs to the family Viperidae and subfamily Crotalinae. This subfamily is composed of 31 genera and about 170 species distributed throughout the Americas and Asia. Historically, this genus was regarded as one of the groups belonging to the genus Bothrops,however several studies based on morphological and molecular evidence suggesting the existence of monophyletic groups, which led to the subdivision into smaller groups and more homogeneous, both in morphology and in ecological aspects.Thus, Bothrops (sensu lato) was subdivided into Rhinocerophis, Bothropoides and the nominal. The monophyly of Rhinocerophis has been suggested in several studies, however the phylogenetic relationships among species that comprise it are not sufficiently understood.This work was supported the hypothesis of monophyly of the genus and proposed the hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships between its species. The phylogenetic parsimony analysis was based on characters of external morphology, hemipenial anatomy and cranial osteology. To this end, included in this analysis, beyond Rhinocerophis, species belonging to Bothropoides, Bothriopsis, Bothrops and Bothrocophias hyoprora, representatives of outgroups, totaling seventeen species. Bothrocophias hyoprora species was chosen to root the cladogram to be obviously foreign to the other taxa. We examined 538 specimens, 42 hemipenes and 44 skulls, which led to a matrix with 99 characters. The analysis of this matrix resulted in a single most parsimonious tree of 195.784 steps, consistency index equal to 0,67 and retention index 0,79. Monophyly of Rhinocerophis was supported by ten synapomorphies and the relationships among the taxa revealed the following: (((R. ammodytoides - R. itapetiningae) ((R. alternatus – R. jonathani) (R. cotiara - R. fonsecai) )). Topology of the cladogram also confirms the position of Rhinocerophis basal to a clade... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The genus Rhinocerophis belongs to the family Viperidae and subfamily Crotalinae. This subfamily is composed of 31 genera and about 170 species distributed throughout the Americas and Asia. Historically, this genus was regarded as one of the groups belonging to the genus Bothrops,however several studies based on morphological and molecular evidence suggesting the existence of monophyletic groups, which led to the subdivision into smaller groups and more homogeneous, both in morphology and in ecological aspects.Thus, Bothrops (sensu lato) was subdivided into Rhinocerophis, Bothropoides and the nominal. The monophyly of Rhinocerophis has been suggested in several studies, however the phylogenetic relationships among species that comprise it are not sufficiently understood.This work was supported the hypothesis of monophyly of the genus and proposed the hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships between its species. The phylogenetic parsimony analysis was based on characters of external morphology, hemipenial anatomy and cranial osteology. To this end, included in this analysis, beyond Rhinocerophis, species belonging to Bothropoides, Bothriopsis, Bothrops and Bothrocophias hyoprora, representatives of outgroups, totaling seventeen species. Bothrocophias hyoprora species was chosen to root the cladogram to be obviously foreign to the other taxa. We examined 538 specimens, 42 hemipenes and 44 skulls, which led to a matrix with 99 characters. The analysis of this matrix resulted in a single most parsimonious tree of 195.784 steps, consistency index equal to 0,67 and retention index 0,79. Monophyly of Rhinocerophis was supported by ten synapomorphies and the relationships among the taxa revealed the following: (((R. ammodytoides - R. itapetiningae) ((R. alternatus – R. jonathani) (R. cotiara - R. fonsecai) )). Topology of the cladogram also confirms the position of Rhinocerophis basal to a clade... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Filogenia, Morfologia (Biologia), Cobra, Serpentes, Osteologia craniana, Anatomia hemipeniana, Phylogeny
Como citar
MARTÃO, Luciana Ribeiro. Relações filogenéticas entre as espécies de Rhinocerophis Garman, 1881 (Serpentes; Viperidae; Crotalinae). 2010. 115 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2010.