Avaliação de resistência, análise epidemiológica e caracterização anatômica da madeira em clones de Eucalyptus sp. infectados por Ceratocystis fimbriata
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Data
2011-02-04
Autores
Tumura, Karina Goulart [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura do eucalipto é uma das mais importantes do Brasil, constituindo-se em fonte de energia e madeira renovável, além de suportar importantes processos agroindustriais para produção de celulose, papel e essências. O eucalipto, como outras espécies vegetais, é infectado por diversos patógenos, principalmente fungos, desde o viveiro até plantios adultos. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o agente causador da murcha de Ceratocystis. Trata-se de um típico patógeno de xilema (Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis et. Halsted), cujo sintoma marcador é constatável nas secções transversais de órgãos lenhosos, na forma de estrias radiais escuras, da medula para o exterior do lenho ou da periferia do lenho para a medula ou descoloração (mancha escura) do tipo cunha em geral da periferia para a medula. Essas estrias no lenho são visíveis quando um ramo afetado é cortado transversalmente, pois o patógeno provoca a desintegração do sistema vascular. Trata-se de um fungo de rápida disseminação e que atinge plantas em diversos estágios de desenvolvimento, sendo por isso de difícil controle. Também é um patógeno encontrado há pouco tempo atacando o eucalipto, por isso, existem poucos estudos sobre o mesmo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: a) verificar a suscetibilidade de clones visando encontrar material resistente; b) estudar a epidemiologia da doença em campo e; c) caracterizar anatomicamente a madeira do lenho infectado pelo patógeno e do lenho sadio. Para isso, utilizaram-se mudas de clones operacionais para inoculação do patógeno para avaliação de resistência; a avaliação epidemiológica foi feita de acordo com levantamentos de campo em parcela previamente instalada. Para a caracterização anatômica da madeira foi realizada caracterização macro e microscópica, bem como testes histoquímicos para detecção de estruturas de resistência bioquímica ao...
The cultivation of eucalyptus is one of the most important in Brazil, constituting a source of renewable energy and wood, supporting important agro-industrial processes for production of pulp, paper and essences. Eucalyptus, like other plant species is infected by various pathogens, especially fungi, from nursery to adult trees. In this work, was studied de causative agent of Ceratocystis wilt. The fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis. et Halsted is a typical pathogen of the xylem, which the marker symptom is observable in the cross sections of woody organs in the form of dark radial striations, from core to the outer periphery of the wood or from the periphery to the core. These streaks in the wood are visible when an affected branch is cut across because pathogen causes the disintegration of the vascular system. It is a fungus of fast spreading and that affects plants in various stage of development and because of this is difficult to control. It is also a pathogen recently found attacking eucalyptus, so there are few studies on it. The objectives of this work were: a) verify the clonal susceptibility to the pathogen for aid breeding programs to obtain resistant materials; b) study epidemiological model for determination of disease progress on the field and; c) anatomical characterization of wood for observation of anatomical structural differences in the wood infected by the pathogen and sound wood. For this, stecklings of operational clones were used for inoculation to evaluate the resistance. Epidemiological assessment of spatial distribution was made according to field surveys with plots previously installed. To the anatomical characterization of the wood was performed microscopic characterization and histochemical tests for detection of resistance structures to the pathogen. Different resistance levels were found in the studied materials, since high resistance until high ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The cultivation of eucalyptus is one of the most important in Brazil, constituting a source of renewable energy and wood, supporting important agro-industrial processes for production of pulp, paper and essences. Eucalyptus, like other plant species is infected by various pathogens, especially fungi, from nursery to adult trees. In this work, was studied de causative agent of Ceratocystis wilt. The fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis. et Halsted is a typical pathogen of the xylem, which the marker symptom is observable in the cross sections of woody organs in the form of dark radial striations, from core to the outer periphery of the wood or from the periphery to the core. These streaks in the wood are visible when an affected branch is cut across because pathogen causes the disintegration of the vascular system. It is a fungus of fast spreading and that affects plants in various stage of development and because of this is difficult to control. It is also a pathogen recently found attacking eucalyptus, so there are few studies on it. The objectives of this work were: a) verify the clonal susceptibility to the pathogen for aid breeding programs to obtain resistant materials; b) study epidemiological model for determination of disease progress on the field and; c) anatomical characterization of wood for observation of anatomical structural differences in the wood infected by the pathogen and sound wood. For this, stecklings of operational clones were used for inoculation to evaluate the resistance. Epidemiological assessment of spatial distribution was made according to field surveys with plots previously installed. To the anatomical characterization of the wood was performed microscopic characterization and histochemical tests for detection of resistance structures to the pathogen. Different resistance levels were found in the studied materials, since high resistance until high ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Palavras-chave
Eucalipto, Epidemiologia, Madeira - Anatomia, Eucalyptus, Resistance, Epidemiology
Como citar
TUMURA, Karina Goulart. Avaliação de resistência, análise epidemiológica e caracterização anatômica da madeira em clones de Eucalyptus sp. infectados por Ceratocystis fimbriata. 2011. 52 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2011.