Compactação de um cambissolo háplico com o tráfego de um trator skidder no arraste de pinus elliottii
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Data
2011-01-31
Autores
Pezzoni Filho, José Carlos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A compactação do solo tem sido considerada como um dos principais danos ocasionados pelas operações mecanizadas de colheita de madeira, sendo que ocorrem danos diretos ao solo, como a compactação do solo (aumento da densidade do solo), diminuição da aeração e da macroporosidade, presença de camada de impedimento ao crescimento radicular, disponibilidade de água, entre outros. Além dos danos diretos ocorrem os indiretos, que são restrição no crescimento das raízes das plantas, onde ocorrerá a diminuição do crescimento da parte aérea da planta, a susceptibilidade do solo ao processo erosivo, devido a camada compactada, entre outros. A extração de madeira com o trator Skidder é a etapa de colheita na qual se deve ter maior atenção, pois esta máquina provoca grandes danos ao solo, tanto pelo seu peso, quanto pelo arraste de árvores e fustes que realizam sulcos (recalques) no solo. Uma forma de diminuir a compactação do solo é deixar camada de resíduos florestais nos ramais de extração de madeira, com isso haverá a minimização do efeito de compressão do solo pelo trator Skidder com o peso da carga arrastada. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o nível de compactação do solo até a 5ª vez que o trator Skidder trafegou no ramal secundário de extração de madeira de Pinus (Pinus elliotti var. elliotti). A avaliação da compactação do solo na testemunha (densificação natural) até a 5ª passada demonstrou que houve compactação até a última vez que o trator Skidder trafegou na área, permitindo constatar que o tráfego de máquinas e fuste nas áreas de colheita promove a compactação do solo. Na interação entre os recalques e o número de passadas houve diferença nos níveis de compactação, sendo que com 5 passadas sobre a mesma área, o recalque do pneu apresentou uma menor compactação (1,34 Mg.m-3) quando comparado com o do fuste...
Soil compaction has been considered one of the major damage caused to the operations of mechanized harvesting, and direct damage occurs to the ground as soil compaction (increased bulk density), reduced aeration and macroporosity, the presence Layer impediment to root growth, water availability, among others. Besides the direct damage occurring indirect damages, which are restricting the growth of plant roots, which occur in the reduction of shoot growth of the plant, susceptibility to soil erosion due to the fact that the presence of the compacted layer, between other damage. To minimize such damage recommend carefully planning machinery traffic on the steps of forest harvesting. With this, the logging with tractor Skidder is the stage at which harvesting should be given more attention, because this machine causes significant damage to land, both by weight and the drag tree trunks and carrying grooves (track) in the soil. One way to reduce soil compaction is to leave layer of forest residues on the extensions of logging, thereby minimizing the effect will be to compress the soil by tractor Skidder with the weight of the load dragged.The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of soil compaction until the 5th time that the tractor Skidder the secondary extension of slash pine logging (Pinus elliottii var. Elliotii). The assessment of soil compaction in control (compression natural) until the 5th month showed that there was compaction until the last time that the tractor Skidder traffic in the area, allowing evidence that the traffic machines and tree trunks collection areas promote soil compaction. In the interaction between the track and the number of passes was no difference in levels of compression, with 5 being passed on to the same site, the track of the tire had a lower density (1.34 Mg.m-3) compared to the tree trunks (1.38 Mg.m-3). At both depths studied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Soil compaction has been considered one of the major damage caused to the operations of mechanized harvesting, and direct damage occurs to the ground as soil compaction (increased bulk density), reduced aeration and macroporosity, the presence Layer impediment to root growth, water availability, among others. Besides the direct damage occurring indirect damages, which are restricting the growth of plant roots, which occur in the reduction of shoot growth of the plant, susceptibility to soil erosion due to the fact that the presence of the compacted layer, between other damage. To minimize such damage recommend carefully planning machinery traffic on the steps of forest harvesting. With this, the logging with tractor Skidder is the stage at which harvesting should be given more attention, because this machine causes significant damage to land, both by weight and the drag tree trunks and carrying grooves (track) in the soil. One way to reduce soil compaction is to leave layer of forest residues on the extensions of logging, thereby minimizing the effect will be to compress the soil by tractor Skidder with the weight of the load dragged.The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of soil compaction until the 5th time that the tractor Skidder the secondary extension of slash pine logging (Pinus elliottii var. Elliotii). The assessment of soil compaction in control (compression natural) until the 5th month showed that there was compaction until the last time that the tractor Skidder traffic in the area, allowing evidence that the traffic machines and tree trunks collection areas promote soil compaction. In the interaction between the track and the number of passes was no difference in levels of compression, with 5 being passed on to the same site, the track of the tire had a lower density (1.34 Mg.m-3) compared to the tree trunks (1.38 Mg.m-3). At both depths studied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Compactação, Tratores agricolas, Pinus elliottii, Pinus elliottii - arraste, Bulk density, Forest harvesting, Track, Compaction layer
Como citar
PEZZONI FILHO, José Carlos. Compactação de um cambissolo háplico com o tráfego de um trator skidder no arraste de pinus elliottii. 2011. viii, 89 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2011.