Cultura de condrócitos para o uso terapêutico: reconstituição de cartilagem
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Data
2008-06-23
Autores
Bittencourt, Renata Aparecida de Camargo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cartilagem articular é um tecido avascular com números limitados de condrócitos, com capacidade limitada de reparo após uma lesão aguda. As técnicas disponíveis atualmente para o tratamento de lesões de cartilagem articular podem resultar em alívio dos sintomas, mas não na regeneração do tecido lesado. A geração de um substituto biológico que recomponha a cartilagem articular nativa requer células vivas que sejam capazes de sintetizar e manter a matriz cartilaginosa. A engenharia de tecidos constitui recentemente uma metodologia para reconstrução de novos órgãos e tecidos que foram lesados e apresentam dificuldades na reparação. Um dos maiores avanços no campo da engenharia de tecidos e dentro da medicina ortopédica, tem sido, o recrutamento de tecido do próprio paciente, que são dissociados em células e cultivadas sobre suportes biológicos ou sintéticos conhecidos como scaffolds, para posterior realização de implante de condrócitos, com intuito de regenerar o tecido cartilaginoso lesado. Uma variedade de scaffolds como hidrogel e polímeros sintéticos, têm sido investigadas para a expansão dos condrócitos “in vitro” para o reparo da cartilagem lesada. Tais matrizes incluem: arcabouços à base de colágeno: gel de colágeno tipo I e II, esponjas de colágeno tipo II, ácido polilático e ácido poliglicólico, fibrina, óxido de polietileno, fibrina, peptídeos, alginato e gel de plaquetas. No presente trabalho desenvolvemos diferentes metodologias de cultura de condrócitos utilizando scaffold sintético “hidrogel de alginato” e biológico “gel de plaquetas” obtido a partir do Plasma Rico em Plaquetas - PRP, além da cultura de condrócitos em pellet tri-dimensional, objetivando encontrar a melhor metodologia para a realização de implantes de condrócitos. Como modelo experimental escolhemos coelhos, tanto para coleta da cartilagem articular...
Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with limited numbers of chondrocytes, and limited recuperative capacity after a severe lesion. The techniques currently available for treatment of articular cartilage lesions can result in relief of symptoms, but not in regeneration of injured tissue. The generation of biological substitute that would recompose native articular cartilage requires live cells capable of synthesizing and maintaining cartilaginous matrix. The engineering of tissues has recently constituted a methodology for constructing new organs and tissues that had been injured and present recuperative difficulties. One of the greatest advances in the field of tissue engineering, and within orthopedic medicine, has been the recruitment of tissue from the patient him- or herself, that are dissociated in cells and cultured on biological or synthetic supports, known as scaffolds, for subsequent realization of implantation of chondrocytes, in order to regenerate injured cartilaginous tissue. A variety of scaffolds, such as hydrogel and synthetic polymers, have been investigated for expansion of chondrocytes in vitro to repair injured cartilage. Such matrices include: collagen-based scaffolds: gel of collagen types I and II, sponges of collagen type II, polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, fibrin, polyethylene oxide, peptides, alginate and gel of platelets. In the present work we developed different methodologies of chondrocyte culture utilizing the synthetic scaffold “alginate hydrogel” and biological “gel of platelets” obtained from Platelet-Rich Plasma - PRP, in addition to chondrocyte culture in a tri-dimensional pellet, aiming to find the best methodology for accomplishing chondrocyte implants. We chose rabbits for the experimental model, as much for collection of articular cartilage as for obtaining blood plasma and realization of allogenic implants... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with limited numbers of chondrocytes, and limited recuperative capacity after a severe lesion. The techniques currently available for treatment of articular cartilage lesions can result in relief of symptoms, but not in regeneration of injured tissue. The generation of biological substitute that would recompose native articular cartilage requires live cells capable of synthesizing and maintaining cartilaginous matrix. The engineering of tissues has recently constituted a methodology for constructing new organs and tissues that had been injured and present recuperative difficulties. One of the greatest advances in the field of tissue engineering, and within orthopedic medicine, has been the recruitment of tissue from the patient him- or herself, that are dissociated in cells and cultured on biological or synthetic supports, known as scaffolds, for subsequent realization of implantation of chondrocytes, in order to regenerate injured cartilaginous tissue. A variety of scaffolds, such as hydrogel and synthetic polymers, have been investigated for expansion of chondrocytes in vitro to repair injured cartilage. Such matrices include: collagen-based scaffolds: gel of collagen types I and II, sponges of collagen type II, polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, fibrin, polyethylene oxide, peptides, alginate and gel of platelets. In the present work we developed different methodologies of chondrocyte culture utilizing the synthetic scaffold “alginate hydrogel” and biological “gel of platelets” obtained from Platelet-Rich Plasma - PRP, in addition to chondrocyte culture in a tri-dimensional pellet, aiming to find the best methodology for accomplishing chondrocyte implants. We chose rabbits for the experimental model, as much for collection of articular cartilage as for obtaining blood plasma and realization of allogenic implants... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Palavras-chave
Articulações - Cirurgia - Estudos experimentais, Cartilagem - Doenças, Ortopedia
Como citar
BITTENCOURT, Renata Aparecida de Camargo. Cultura de condrócitos para o uso terapêutico: reconstituição de cartilagem. 2008. 129 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 2008.