Diquat no manejo de aguapé Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms e seu impacto sobre fatores limnológicos
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Data
2009-05-08
Autores
Martins, André Trevizoli [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As macrófitas, apesar da enorme importância na dinâmica do ambiente aquático, quando formam extensas e densas colonizações promovem uma série de prejuízos ao ambiente e aos usos múltiplos dos reservatórios. Nestas situações, há a necessidade de redução de seu tamanho populacional, seja reduzindo as condições favoráveis ao crescimento, seja por meio do controle direto das plantas. Dentre as macrófitas aquáticas que proporcionam estes tipos de problemas, o aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) é considerada como a mais importante. O diquat tem sido muito utilizado para o controle desta planta, devido seu baixo custo, eficácia e rapidez de controle e baixa toxicidade no ambiente aquático. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar as possíveis alterações causadas pelo controle de Eichhornia crassipes sobre algumas características de qualidade da água em mesocosmos. Para tanto, cinco situações experimentais foram estudadas: (i) CPCH - mesocosmo colonizado por aguapé o qual foi controlado pela aplicação do herbicida diquat; (ii) CPCG - mesocosmo colonizado por aguapé o qual foi morto por congelamento; (iii) CPSH - mesocosmo colonizado com aguapé, sem controle; (iv) SPCH - mesocosmo sem macrófitas e com aplicação de diquat na superfície da água e (v) SPSH - mesocosmo sem macrófitas aquáticas e sem aplicação. O herbicida diquat foi utilizado na dose de 7,0 L/ha, na formulação comercial Reward. A temperatura foi mais elevada nos mesocosmos sem plantas, devido à maior incidência de raios solares na coluna d'água. A presença da cobertura de macrófitas reduziu a concentração de diretamente na lâmina d’água não promoveu qualquer efeito significativo consistente ao longo do período experimental quando comparado com o mesocosmo sem colonização e sem aplicação...
Besides its high importance to the dynamic of the aquatic environment, dense colonization of aquatic plants promote several problems to the ecological equilibrium and to the multiple use of the water body. Under these conditions, control measures are required aiming to reduce the size of the macrophyte populations. Among the more important aquatic weeds, the waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is considered as major problem and it control is necessary in several sites of the world. The herbicide diquat has been used in the waterhyacinth control due to low cost, high efficacy, quickness of action and environmental safety. Aiming to evaluate the effects of the waterhyacinth control and the diquat use on some water characteristics, a trial was carried out, under mesocosm conditions, analyzing the following experimental situations: (i) CPCH - mesocosm colonized by waterhyacinth which was controlled by diquat spraying at 7,0 L/ha of Reward®; (ii) CPCG - mesocosm colonized by waterhyacinth which was killed by freezing; (iii) CPSH - mesocosm colonized by waterhyacinth, without control; (iv) SPCH – mesocosm without aquatic weeds and spray of diquat on the water surface, and (v) SPSH - mesocosm without aquatic weeds. The water temperature was higher in the mesocosms without waterhyacinth colonization due to the radiation penetration in the water column. The waterhyacinth covering reduced the dissolved oxygen concentration, the pH and the amplitud of water temperature variation. When the waterhyacinth population started the senescence process the electric conductivity increased. The diquat application on water surface did not promoted any expressive effect on water features comparing with the water without herbicide spraying. The waterhyacinth control by diquat or by freezing promoted... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Besides its high importance to the dynamic of the aquatic environment, dense colonization of aquatic plants promote several problems to the ecological equilibrium and to the multiple use of the water body. Under these conditions, control measures are required aiming to reduce the size of the macrophyte populations. Among the more important aquatic weeds, the waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is considered as major problem and it control is necessary in several sites of the world. The herbicide diquat has been used in the waterhyacinth control due to low cost, high efficacy, quickness of action and environmental safety. Aiming to evaluate the effects of the waterhyacinth control and the diquat use on some water characteristics, a trial was carried out, under mesocosm conditions, analyzing the following experimental situations: (i) CPCH - mesocosm colonized by waterhyacinth which was controlled by diquat spraying at 7,0 L/ha of Reward®; (ii) CPCG - mesocosm colonized by waterhyacinth which was killed by freezing; (iii) CPSH - mesocosm colonized by waterhyacinth, without control; (iv) SPCH – mesocosm without aquatic weeds and spray of diquat on the water surface, and (v) SPSH - mesocosm without aquatic weeds. The water temperature was higher in the mesocosms without waterhyacinth colonization due to the radiation penetration in the water column. The waterhyacinth covering reduced the dissolved oxygen concentration, the pH and the amplitud of water temperature variation. When the waterhyacinth population started the senescence process the electric conductivity increased. The diquat application on water surface did not promoted any expressive effect on water features comparing with the water without herbicide spraying. The waterhyacinth control by diquat or by freezing promoted... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Erva daninha, Limnologia, Impacto ambiental, Aquatic weed, Chemical control, Environmental impact. eng, Limnolog
Como citar
MARTINS, André Trevizoli. Diquat no manejo de aguapé Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms e seu impacto sobre fatores limnológicos. 2009. iv, 110 f. Tese( doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista , Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2009.