Resposta da cultura da mamona à fertilização com lodo de esgoto
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Data
2007-03-15
Autores
Souto, Lauter Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização de resíduos urbanos na agricultura vem se tornando uma prática comum. Vários trabalhos realizados demonstram que a aplicação destes resíduos de forma adequada aumenta a produtividade das culturas e minimiza custos com fertilizantes inorgânicos. Foram realizados dois experimentos na FCA/UNESP - Botucatu, SP, em NITOSSOLO VERMELHO eutrófico, em campo e em túnel plástico. No ensaio em campo estudou-se o efeito de doses de lodo de esgoto (LE) de 0, 3, 6, 12 e 24 Mg ha-1 (base úmida) aplicados no sulco de semeadura e quatro populações de plantas (6.666, 10.000, 13.333 e 20.000 plantas ha-1), em esquema fatorial 5 x 4. Neste experimento foram avaliadas a produtividade de frutos e grãos de cachos primários e total, teor de óleo no primeiro cacho, produtividade de óleo de cachos primários e total e o teor de nutrientes nos grãos. Também se avaliou a altura média das plantas, porcentagem de grãos nos frutos e o estado nutricional por ocasião do florescimento. No ensaio em túnel plástico avaliou-se a aplicação de lodo de esgoto (LE) na superfície e incorporado em 25, 50, 75 e 100% ao volume de solo, durante o período de 50 dias de desenvolvimento da cultura, nas quantidades correspondentes a 5, 10, 20, 40 e 80 Mg ha-1, base úmida, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5. Aos 50 dias após a semeadura, as plantas de mamona foram colhidas para determinação da produção de fitomassa seca e acúmulo de macronutrientes pela parte aérea. Ambos experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso. As quantidades aplicadas de lodo de esgoto foram calculadas em função do conteúdo e disponibilidade do nitrogênio nestes. Para o experimento de campo, a produtividade da mamoneira atingiu 2741,70 e 1972,04 kg ha-1 de frutos e grãos, respectivamente, com 24 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto e, 3631,39 e 2629,39 kg ha-1 de frutos e grãos, respectivamente...
The use of urban residue in agriculture has become a usual practice. Various works show that the use of this residue in the adequate way benefits the soil properties enlarges productivity and minimizes costs with inorganic fertilizers. Two experiments were made in FCA/UNESP - Botucatu, SP, in Nitossol Red eutrophic, in field and in plastic tunnel. In the experiment in the field, we have studied the effect of levels of sewage sludge (LE) of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 Mg ha-1 (umid basis) applied to the sowing, into the furrows and four populations of plants (6.666, 10.000, 13.333 and 20.000 plants ha-1), in factorial scheme 5 X 4. In this experiment were evaluated the productivity of fruits and grains of primary bunch and total, oil level in the first raceme, productivity of oil in primary bunch and total and the nutrient level in the seeds. Were also evaluated the height of the plants, the seed percentage in the fruits and the nutritional state at flowering time. In the experiment in the plastic tunnel were evaluated the application of sewage sludge (LE) in the surface and incorporated in 25, 50, 75 and 100% to the volume of soil for a period of 50 days of crop development in the corresponding amounts of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 Mg ha-1, humid base, in factorial scheme 5 X 5. In the 50th after the sowing the castor bean plants were picked for the determination of production of dry matter and macronutrients accumulation by the aerial part. Both experiments were conducted with the use of random blocks design. The amounts of sewage sludge used were calculated considering the content and nitrogen availability in them. In the experiment in the field, the castor bean plant productivity reached 2741,70 and 1972,04 kg ha-1 of fruits and grains with 240 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge and, 3631,39 and 2629,39 kg ha-1 of fruits and grains in the population of 20000 plants ha-1 , respectively. The oil production... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The use of urban residue in agriculture has become a usual practice. Various works show that the use of this residue in the adequate way benefits the soil properties enlarges productivity and minimizes costs with inorganic fertilizers. Two experiments were made in FCA/UNESP - Botucatu, SP, in Nitossol Red eutrophic, in field and in plastic tunnel. In the experiment in the field, we have studied the effect of levels of sewage sludge (LE) of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 Mg ha-1 (umid basis) applied to the sowing, into the furrows and four populations of plants (6.666, 10.000, 13.333 and 20.000 plants ha-1), in factorial scheme 5 X 4. In this experiment were evaluated the productivity of fruits and grains of primary bunch and total, oil level in the first raceme, productivity of oil in primary bunch and total and the nutrient level in the seeds. Were also evaluated the height of the plants, the seed percentage in the fruits and the nutritional state at flowering time. In the experiment in the plastic tunnel were evaluated the application of sewage sludge (LE) in the surface and incorporated in 25, 50, 75 and 100% to the volume of soil for a period of 50 days of crop development in the corresponding amounts of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 Mg ha-1, humid base, in factorial scheme 5 X 5. In the 50th after the sowing the castor bean plants were picked for the determination of production of dry matter and macronutrients accumulation by the aerial part. Both experiments were conducted with the use of random blocks design. The amounts of sewage sludge used were calculated considering the content and nitrogen availability in them. In the experiment in the field, the castor bean plant productivity reached 2741,70 and 1972,04 kg ha-1 of fruits and grains with 240 Mg ha-1 of sewage sludge and, 3631,39 and 2629,39 kg ha-1 of fruits and grains in the population of 20000 plants ha-1 , respectively. The oil production... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mamona - Adubação, Lodo de esgoto, Fertilizers, Castor bean
Como citar
SOUTO, Lauter Silva. Resposta da cultura da mamona à fertilização com lodo de esgoto. 2007. vii, 75 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2007.