Seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência sobre a produção e qualidade de sementes de gramíneas forrageiras
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Data
2005-05-06
Autores
Trigueiro, Luciana Rodrigues Cardoso [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foram realizados estudos com as forrageiras tropicais: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça. Objetivou-se avaliar a seletividade da aplicação de herbicidas em condições de campo e seu reflexo na qualidade de sementes. Todos os herbicidas foram testados em pós-emergência. Para as espécies B. brizantha e B.decumbens os tratamentos foram: imazethapyr a 100 g.ha-1, chlorimuron-ethyl a 15 g.ha-1, nicossulfuron a 50 g.ha-1, bentazon a 720 g.ha-1 e atrazine a 3000 g.ha-1. Para as espécies P. maximum cv. Mombaça e Tanzânia, o tratamento com o herbicida imazethapyr não foi utilizado e acrescentou-se: diclofop-methil a 284 g.ha-1, ametryne a 1250 g.ha-1 e propanil a 3600 g.ha-1. Além dos tratamentos químicos, houve uma testemunha sem aplicação de herbicidas. A aplicação foi realizada utilizando-se um pulverizador costal, pressurizado a CO2, equipado com uma barra munida com 6 bicos de jato plano tipo Teejet XR8002VS. A pressão de trabalho foi de 2,1 bar, com um consumo de calda de 200 l/ha. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados aos 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação de acordo com uma escala percentual e visual de notas de 0 a 100, na qual 0 consistia em ausência de injúria e 100 em morte das plantas. Ao final das avaliações, foi determinada a massa seca das plantas. As sementes foram colhidas pelo método de varredura e avaliou-se a germinação através de 50 sementes em gerbox, com 16 repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias, tendo como parâmetros de avaliação: plântulas normais, plântulas anormais, sementes mortas e sementes dormentes. Para verificar a possível dormência das sementes foi utilizado o teste de Tetrazólio a 0,1 %. Os estudos de campo foram instalados em delineamento em blocos casualizados e os estudos de laboratório...
Four studies were accomplished with tropical grass forages: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça. The objective was to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicides application in field conditions and the quality of seeds. The herbicides were tested in post-emergency. The treatments to B. brizantha and B. decumbens species were: imazethapyr to 100 g.ha-1, chlorimuron-ethyl to 15 g.ha-1, nicossulfuron to 50 g.ha-1, bentazon to 720 g.ha-1 and atrazine to 3000 g.ha-1. For P. maximum cv. Mombaça and Tanzania species the herbicide imazethapyr was removed from the treatments and it was increased: diclofop-methil to 284 g.ha-1, ametryne to 1250 g.ha-1 and propanil to 3600 g.ha-1, and a control plot. The application was accomplished used a back-pack, pressurized with CO2, and four Teejet XR8002VS, plain jet noozle. The work pressure was 2,1 bar and the application solution consumed was 200 l/ha. The treatments effects were appraised at the 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 Days After Application in agreement with a percentual and visual scale of notes from 0 to 100, in which 0 were consisted of injury absence and 100 in death of the plants and, at the end of the evaluations, dry mass of the plants was determined. The seeds were picked by the sweeping method and the germination was evaluated through 50 seeds in gerbox, with 16 replication. The evaluations were accomplished at the 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, tends as evaluation parameters: normal seeds, abnormal seeds, dead seeds and dormancy seeds. To verify the possible dormancy of the seeds it was used of Tetrazolium test at 0,1%. The field trials were carried out in randomized completely block design and the laboratory studies in totally randomized. All herbicides printed some visual toxic effect to the different species and cultivate appraised...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Four studies were accomplished with tropical grass forages: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, and Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça. The objective was to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicides application in field conditions and the quality of seeds. The herbicides were tested in post-emergency. The treatments to B. brizantha and B. decumbens species were: imazethapyr to 100 g.ha-1, chlorimuron-ethyl to 15 g.ha-1, nicossulfuron to 50 g.ha-1, bentazon to 720 g.ha-1 and atrazine to 3000 g.ha-1. For P. maximum cv. Mombaça and Tanzania species the herbicide imazethapyr was removed from the treatments and it was increased: diclofop-methil to 284 g.ha-1, ametryne to 1250 g.ha-1 and propanil to 3600 g.ha-1, and a control plot. The application was accomplished used a back-pack, pressurized with CO2, and four Teejet XR8002VS, plain jet noozle. The work pressure was 2,1 bar and the application solution consumed was 200 l/ha. The treatments effects were appraised at the 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 Days After Application in agreement with a percentual and visual scale of notes from 0 to 100, in which 0 were consisted of injury absence and 100 in death of the plants and, at the end of the evaluations, dry mass of the plants was determined. The seeds were picked by the sweeping method and the germination was evaluated through 50 seeds in gerbox, with 16 replication. The evaluations were accomplished at the 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, tends as evaluation parameters: normal seeds, abnormal seeds, dead seeds and dormancy seeds. To verify the possible dormancy of the seeds it was used of Tetrazolium test at 0,1%. The field trials were carried out in randomized completely block design and the laboratory studies in totally randomized. All herbicides printed some visual toxic effect to the different species and cultivate appraised...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Brachiaria decumbens, Panicum maximum, Pastagens, Plantas forrageiras - Sementes, Fitotoxicidade, Pasture, Toxicity
Como citar
TRIGUEIRO, Luciana Rodrigues Cardoso. Seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência sobre a produção e qualidade de sementes de gramíneas forrageiras. 2005. ix, 47 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2005.