Potencial de Eriopis connexa e Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) no controle de ácaros tetraniquídeos e do pulgão-verde-do-pessegueiro
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Data
2020-11-30
Autores
Matos, Sidnéia Terezinha Soares de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os coccinelídeos estão entre os agentes de controle biológico natural mais eficientes no controle de pragas. Eriopis connexa (Germar) e Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Meneville ocorrem naturalmente em diversos agroecossistemas e apresentam grande eficiência predatória sobre diversas pragas. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial desses dois predadores no controle de Tetranychus urticae Koch, Tetranychus ogmophallos Ferreira e Flechtmann Ferreira e Flechtmann, Tetranychus evansi Baker e Pritchard e do pulgão Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Foram realizados experimentos em laboratório, visando a avaliar os parâmetros demográficos e a resposta funcional dos predadores em função de diferentes presas. Além disso, avaliou-se a seletividade de diversos acaricidas a estes predadores. Eriopis connexa completou o desenvolvimento biológico sobre todas as presas, exceto quando alimentada com T. evansi. O tempo de desenvolvimento e a mortalidade dos estágios imaturos de E. connexa foram menores ao serem alimentadas com T. urticae e M. persicae. Os dias de oviposição e a fecundidade das fêmeas foram maiores com estas mesmas presas. Joaninhas alimentadas com T. urticae e M. persicae apresentaram maiores taxas reprodutivas líquidas (R0), taxas intrínsecas de aumento (r) e taxas finitas de aumento (λ). Por outro lado, H. convergens completou o desenvolvimento somente quando alimentada com M. persicae. Quando oferecidos ácaros tetraniquídeos, larvas de H. convergens morreram antes da fase de pupa. Larvas de E. connexa exibiram resposta funcional do tipo II quando alimentadas com T. urticae e T. ogmophallos. Larvas de quarto instar de E. connexa apresentaram tempos de manuseio menores em comparação aos estádios anteriores. A taxa de ataque foi superior em larvas de E. connexa alimentadas com T. urticae, em comparação àquelas alimentadas com T. ogmophallos. Com relação à seletividade, abamectina e oxymatrine causaram 100% de mortalidade de larvas de primeiro instar de E. connexa, enquanto propargite, espiromesifeno e fenpiroximato não afetaram a sobrevivência larval deste predador, mas afetaram a fecundidade, a fertilidade e a longevidade das fêmeas. Abamectina e oxymatrine reduziram a sobrevivência, a fecundidade e a fertilidade de adultos de E. connexa. Propargite, espiromesifeno e fenpiroximato, quando aplicados diretamente sobre os adultos de E. connexa, não apresentaram efeito significativo.
Coccinellids are among the most efficient biological control agents for pest control. Eriopis connexa (Germar) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Meneville occur naturally in several agroecosystems and make them good candidates for pest control. This study accessed under laboratory conditions the potential of these two predators for controlling Tetranychus urticae Koch, Tetranychus ogmophallos Ferreira and Flechtmann, Tetranychus evansi Baker and Pritchard, and the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). For this purpose, we firstly evaluated the demographic parameters and the functional response of these predators feeding on different prey. We also determined the selectivity of different acaricides commonly used in strawberry crops on E. connexa stages (eggs, larvae , and adults). Eriopis connexa completed biological development on all prey, except on T. evansi. The development time and mortality rate of E. connexa immature stages were shorter on T. urticae and M. persicae. The oviposition days and the fecundity were also higher on these same preys. Eriopis connexa feeding on T. urticae and M. persicae showed higher net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ). Conversely, H. convergens completed immature development only on M. persicae. Hippodamia convergens could not complete immature development reared on spider mites, dying before reaching the pupal stage. Eriopis connexa larvae exhibited type II functional response on T. urticae and T. ogmophallos. Eriopis connexa fourth instar larvae showed handling time shorter compared to the previous stages. The attack rate of E. connexa larvae was higher on T. urticae than on T. ogmophallos. The selectivity results showed that abamectin and oxymatrine caused 100% mortality of E. connexa first instar larvae. Propargite, spiromesifene , and fenpyroximate did not affect the larval survival of this predator but did affect the fecundity, fertility and longevity of the females. However, abamectin and oxymatrine reduced the larval survival, fecundity and fertility of E. connexa adults. Topical exposure of propargite, spiromesifene and fenpyroximate, did not cause significant effect on E. connexa adults.
Coccinellids are among the most efficient biological control agents for pest control. Eriopis connexa (Germar) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Meneville occur naturally in several agroecosystems and make them good candidates for pest control. This study accessed under laboratory conditions the potential of these two predators for controlling Tetranychus urticae Koch, Tetranychus ogmophallos Ferreira and Flechtmann, Tetranychus evansi Baker and Pritchard, and the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). For this purpose, we firstly evaluated the demographic parameters and the functional response of these predators feeding on different prey. We also determined the selectivity of different acaricides commonly used in strawberry crops on E. connexa stages (eggs, larvae , and adults). Eriopis connexa completed biological development on all prey, except on T. evansi. The development time and mortality rate of E. connexa immature stages were shorter on T. urticae and M. persicae. The oviposition days and the fecundity were also higher on these same preys. Eriopis connexa feeding on T. urticae and M. persicae showed higher net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ). Conversely, H. convergens completed immature development only on M. persicae. Hippodamia convergens could not complete immature development reared on spider mites, dying before reaching the pupal stage. Eriopis connexa larvae exhibited type II functional response on T. urticae and T. ogmophallos. Eriopis connexa fourth instar larvae showed handling time shorter compared to the previous stages. The attack rate of E. connexa larvae was higher on T. urticae than on T. ogmophallos. The selectivity results showed that abamectin and oxymatrine caused 100% mortality of E. connexa first instar larvae. Propargite, spiromesifene , and fenpyroximate did not affect the larval survival of this predator but did affect the fecundity, fertility and longevity of the females. However, abamectin and oxymatrine reduced the larval survival, fecundity and fertility of E. connexa adults. Topical exposure of propargite, spiromesifene and fenpyroximate, did not cause significant effect on E. connexa adults.
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Palavras-chave
Coccinelídeo, Pragas, Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus ogmophallos, Myzus persicae