Xylo-oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic materials: Chemical structure, health benefits and production by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis

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dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Ana Flávia Azevedo [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorOliva Neto, Pedro de [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorda Silva, Douglas Fernandes [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorPastore, Gláucia Maria
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.date.accessioned2014-05-27T11:28:45Z
dc.date.available2014-05-27T11:28:45Z
dc.date.issued2013-04-01
dc.description.abstractCurrently, there is worldwide interest in the technological use of agro-industrial residues as a renewable source of food and biofuels. Lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) are a rich source of cellulose and hemicellulose. Hemicellulose is rich in xylan, a polysaccharide used to develop technology for producing alcohol, xylose, xylitol and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs). The XOSs are unusual oligosaccharides whose main constituent is xylose linked by β 1-4 bonds. The XOS applications described in this paper highlight that they are considered soluble dietary fibers that have prebiotic activity, favoring the improvement of bowel functions and immune function and having antimicrobial and other health benefits. These effects open a new perspective on potential applications for animal production and human consumption. The raw materials that are rich in hemicellulose include sugar cane bagasse, corncobs, rice husks, olive pits, barley straw, tobacco stalk, cotton stalk, sunflower stalk and wheat straw. The XOS-yielding treatments that have been studied include acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, auto-hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis, but the breaking of bonds present in these compounds is relatively difficult and costly, thus limiting the production of XOS. To obviate this limitation, a thorough evaluation of the most convenient methods and the opportunities for innovation in this area is needed. Another challenge is the screening and taxonomy of microorganisms that produce the xylanolytic complex and enzymes and reaction mechanisms involved. Among the standing out microorganisms involved in lignocellulose degradation are Trichoderma harzianum, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans, Penicillium janczewskii, Penicillium echinulatu, Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus awamori. The enzyme complex predominantly comprises endoxylanase and enzymes that remove hemicellulose side groups such as the acetyl group. The complex has low β-xylosidase activities because β-xylosidase stimulates the production of xylose instead of XOS; xylose, in turn, inhibits the enzymes that produce XOS. The enzymatic conversion of xylan in XOS is the preferred route for the food industries because of problems associated with chemical technologies (e.g., acid hydrolysis) due to the release of toxic and undesired products, such as furfural. The improvement of the bioprocess for XOS production and its benefits for several applications are discussed in this study. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.en
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Food Science School of Food Engineering State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, ZIP code 13083-862, Campinas SP
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Biological Sciences School of Science and Letters São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dom Antonio, 2100, ZIP code 19806-380, Assis SP
dc.description.affiliationUnespDepartment of Biological Sciences School of Science and Letters São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Dom Antonio, 2100, ZIP code 19806-380, Assis SP
dc.format.extent75-85
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.021
dc.identifier.citationFood Research International, v. 51, n. 1, p. 75-85, 2013.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.021
dc.identifier.issn0963-9969
dc.identifier.lattes4638952263502744
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9378-9036
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84871774361
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/74923
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000316843100011
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofFood Research International
dc.relation.ispartofjcr3.520
dc.relation.ispartofsjr1,472
dc.rights.accessRightsAcesso restrito
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectChemical and enzymatic hydrolysis
dc.subjectLignocellulosic materials
dc.subjectXylanases
dc.subjectXylo-oligosaccharides
dc.subjectAcetyl groups
dc.subjectAcid hydrolysis
dc.subjectAgro-industrial residue
dc.subjectAlkaline hydrolysis
dc.subjectAnimal production
dc.subjectAspergillus awamori
dc.subjectBioprocesses
dc.subjectCellulosimicrobium cellulans
dc.subjectChemical technologies
dc.subjectCotton stalk
dc.subjectEndoxylanase
dc.subjectEnzymatic conversions
dc.subjectEnzyme complexes
dc.subjectFood industries
dc.subjectHealth benefits
dc.subjectHuman consumption
dc.subjectImmune function
dc.subjectLignocellulose degradation
dc.subjectLignocellulosic material
dc.subjectPotential applications
dc.subjectPrebiotics
dc.subjectReaction mechanism
dc.subjectRenewable sources
dc.subjectRice husk
dc.subjectSoluble dietary fiber
dc.subjectSugar-cane bagasse
dc.subjectSunflower stalks
dc.subjectTrichoderma harzianum
dc.subjectTrichoderma reesei
dc.subjectWheat straws
dc.subjectXylooligosaccharides
dc.subjectXylosidase
dc.subjectAldehydes
dc.subjectAlkalinity
dc.subjectCellulose
dc.subjectHealth
dc.subjectMicroorganisms
dc.subjectSugar substitutes
dc.subjectEnzymatic hydrolysis
dc.subjectAnimalia
dc.subjectGossypium hirsutum
dc.subjectHelianthus
dc.subjectHordeum
dc.subjectHypocrea jecorina
dc.subjectHypocrea lixii
dc.subjectNicotiana tabacum
dc.subjectPenicillium
dc.subjectPenicillium janczewskii
dc.subjectSaccharum
dc.subjectTriticum aestivum
dc.titleXylo-oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic materials: Chemical structure, health benefits and production by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysisen
dc.typeArtigo
dcterms.licensehttp://www.elsevier.com/about/open-access/open-access-policies/article-posting-policy
unesp.author.lattes4638952263502744[2]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0001-9378-9036[2]
unesp.campusUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Assispt

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