Por outra História Indígena: teoria, metodologia e escrita da obra de John Monteiro.
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Data
2023-10-30
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX, a historiografia brasileira, de forma geral, negligenciou aos povos indígenas um papel de sujeitos históricos ativos; que influenciaram e foram influenciados com os eventos desencadeados pela colonização das Américas. Os estudos concluíam que os nativos estavam fadados ao desaparecimento, devido uma relação desigual de forças entre eles e os europeus, que levaria ou ao extermínio físico ou ao apagamento cultural e identitário dessas populações. Entretanto, nos fins da década de 1980 e ao longo da década de 1990, ganhou força dentro das Ciências Sociais uma outra perspectiva acerca do passado e futuro indígena. Com a reformulação de pressupostos teóricos como “cultura” e “resistência” e a utilização de conceitos metodológicos como “etnogêneses”, “etnocídio” e “etnificação”, somando-se aos movimentos indígenas que ganharam folego no Brasil durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980, pesquisadores de diversas áreas, sobretudo antropólogos e arqueólogos, começaram a dar corpo à outra narrativa histórica para as populações ameríndias; diferente daquela pessimista que prevalecera na intelectualidade brasileira até então. Deste cenário e grupo de pesquisadores, destacamos a presença do historiador estadunidense John Manuel Monteiro que, se mudando em definitivo para o Brasil, tornou-se uma figura importante para a ampliação e desenvolvimento do campo da história indígena dentro da historiografia; uma vez que tal interesse de estudos fora, majoritariamente, elaborada fora da disciplina histórica. Com esta pesquisa, procuraremos compreender os meios e fatores que permearam o trabalho intelectual de John Monteiro, buscando os autores com os quais ele dialogara, as teorias e metodologias que lhe influenciaram e como estas refletem na sua escrita da história dos ameríndios no Brasil.
Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Brazilian historiography, in general, neglected indigenous peoples a role as active historical subjects; who influenced and were influenced by the events unleashed by the colonization of the Americas. Studies concluded that the natives were doomed to disappear, due to an unequal balance of power between them and the Europeans; that would lead either to their physical extermination or cultural and identity collapse. However, at the end of the 1980s and throughout the 1990s, a different perspective on the indigenous past and future gained strength within the Social Sciences. With the reformulation of theoretical assumptions such as "culture" and "resistance" and the use of methodological concepts such as "ethnogenesis", "ethnocide" and "ethnification", adding to the indigenous movements that gained momentum in Brazil during the 1970s and 1980; researchers from different areas, mainly anthropologists and archeologists, began to embody another historical narrative for the Amerindian populations; different from the pessimistic one that had prevailed in the Brazilian intelligentsia up to that point. In this scenario and group of researchers, we highlight the presence of the American historian John Manuel Monteiro who, moving permanently to Brazil, became an important figure for the expansion and development of the field of indigenous history within historiography; since such study interest outside, for the most part, elaborates outside of the historical discipline. With this research, we will seek to understand the means and factors that permeated John Monteiro's intellectual work; looking for the authors with whom he dialogued, the theories and methodologies that influenced him and how these reflect in his writing of the history of the Amerindians in Brazil.
Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Brazilian historiography, in general, neglected indigenous peoples a role as active historical subjects; who influenced and were influenced by the events unleashed by the colonization of the Americas. Studies concluded that the natives were doomed to disappear, due to an unequal balance of power between them and the Europeans; that would lead either to their physical extermination or cultural and identity collapse. However, at the end of the 1980s and throughout the 1990s, a different perspective on the indigenous past and future gained strength within the Social Sciences. With the reformulation of theoretical assumptions such as "culture" and "resistance" and the use of methodological concepts such as "ethnogenesis", "ethnocide" and "ethnification", adding to the indigenous movements that gained momentum in Brazil during the 1970s and 1980; researchers from different areas, mainly anthropologists and archeologists, began to embody another historical narrative for the Amerindian populations; different from the pessimistic one that had prevailed in the Brazilian intelligentsia up to that point. In this scenario and group of researchers, we highlight the presence of the American historian John Manuel Monteiro who, moving permanently to Brazil, became an important figure for the expansion and development of the field of indigenous history within historiography; since such study interest outside, for the most part, elaborates outside of the historical discipline. With this research, we will seek to understand the means and factors that permeated John Monteiro's intellectual work; looking for the authors with whom he dialogued, the theories and methodologies that influenced him and how these reflect in his writing of the history of the Amerindians in Brazil.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
John Manuel Monteiro, História indígena, Historiografia, Etno-história, Indigenous history, Historiography, Ethnohistory
Como citar
FREITAS, Raul Borges de. Por outra História Indígena: teoria, metodologia e escrita da obra de John Monteiro. Orientadora: Ana Raquel Marques da Cunha Martins Portugal. 2024, 92 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) – Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Franca, 2023.