Estudo da viabilidade de utilização de veículos elétricos no estado de São Paulo por análise SWOT
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Data
2023-11-27
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este projeto tem como objetivo por meio do estudo teórico e comparativo, análises, entrevistas e realização de testes práticos, o desenvolvimento de uma comparação entre as tecnologias de mobilidade disponíveis no mercado por meio da ferramenta de gestão SWOT, referenciando as Forças (Strengths), Fraquezas (Weaknesses), Oportunidades (Opportunities) e Ameaças (Threats), concluir a viabilidade do uso e a propriedade de veículos elétricos pelo território do estado de São Paulo. Analisam-se as movimentações sociais, políticas e econômicas que corroboram para o fortalecimento do desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de mobilidade, a matriz energética brasileira e do estado de São Paulo, as baterias e tecnologias disponíveis no mercado, modelos de carregadores e modos de carregamento, perfil consumidor por tipo de motorização e a interação com as diferentes empresas envolvidas para obter a visão de cada parte do processo de viabilização das novas tecnologias de mobilidade. Ademais, para dar mais robustez ao estudo teórico, realizam-se testes práticos com veículo elétrico, híbrido flexível e combustão para entender na prática o uso de cada um dos veículos. Assim, pode-se estuda-se a viabilidade para que o amplo crescimento de vendas de veículos elétricos, ao ponto de se tornarem a principal tecnologia de motorização automotiva no mercado brasileiro, depende da superação de diversos desafios complexos, já que no estado com a maior frota de veículos elétricos, ainda fica evidente a falta de estruturas de carregamento e políticas que incentivem a produção da infraestrutura de carregamento e de veículos elétricos nacionalmente, assim como preços de venda mais atrativos, ainda que atualmente, fique evidente como objetivo das próprias fabricantes de automóveis tornar a experiência de comprar e manter um veículo elétrico viável, oferecendo carregadores portáteis e até implementando pontos de carregamento em diversos pontos em cidades do estado. Ademais, no Brasil, os veículos híbridos surgem como uma alternativa inteligente na eletrificação veicular, já que contempla por dispor de duas tecnologias de motorização as vantagens da motorização elétrica e da motorização por combustão interna, e se beneficiar de incentivos políticos e econômicos válidos também para veículos elétricos, e ter o conforto de ter como fonte principal de energia a matriz energética principal do transporte veicular nacional.
This project aims, through theoretical and comparative study, analyses, interviews and carrying out practical tests, the development of a comparison between the mobility technologies available in the market through the SWOT management tool, referencing the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, to conclude about the feasibility of using and owning electric vehicles throughout the state of São Paulo. The social, political and economic movements that support the strengthening of the development of new mobility technologies are analyzed, the energy matrices of Brazil and the state of São Paulo, the batteries and technologies available on the market, charger models and charging modes, profile consumer by type of motorization and the interaction with the different companies involved to obtain the vision of each part of the feasibility process of new mobility technologies. In addition, to give more robustness to the theoretical study, practical tests are carried out with electric, flexible hybrid and combustion vehicles to understand in practice the use of each fuel technology. Thus, it can be concluded that the broad growth in sales of electric vehicles, to the point of becoming the main automotive motorization technology in the Brazilian market, depends on overcoming several complex challenges, since in the richest state of the country and with the largest fleet of electric vehicles, it is still evident the lack of charging structures and policies that encourage the production of charging infrastructure and electric vehicles nationally, as well as more attractive sales prices, although currently, it is evident as a goal of the manufacturers themselves make the experience of buying and maintaining an electric vehicle viable, by offering portable chargers and even implementing charging stations at various points in cities across the state. In addition, in Brazil, hybrid vehicles appear as an intelligent alternative in vehicle electrification, since having two motorization technologies includes the advantages of electric motorization and internal combustion motorization, and benefits from political and economic incentives that are also valid for electric vehicles, and have the comfort of having the main energy matrix of national vehicular transport as the main source of energy.
This project aims, through theoretical and comparative study, analyses, interviews and carrying out practical tests, the development of a comparison between the mobility technologies available in the market through the SWOT management tool, referencing the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, to conclude about the feasibility of using and owning electric vehicles throughout the state of São Paulo. The social, political and economic movements that support the strengthening of the development of new mobility technologies are analyzed, the energy matrices of Brazil and the state of São Paulo, the batteries and technologies available on the market, charger models and charging modes, profile consumer by type of motorization and the interaction with the different companies involved to obtain the vision of each part of the feasibility process of new mobility technologies. In addition, to give more robustness to the theoretical study, practical tests are carried out with electric, flexible hybrid and combustion vehicles to understand in practice the use of each fuel technology. Thus, it can be concluded that the broad growth in sales of electric vehicles, to the point of becoming the main automotive motorization technology in the Brazilian market, depends on overcoming several complex challenges, since in the richest state of the country and with the largest fleet of electric vehicles, it is still evident the lack of charging structures and policies that encourage the production of charging infrastructure and electric vehicles nationally, as well as more attractive sales prices, although currently, it is evident as a goal of the manufacturers themselves make the experience of buying and maintaining an electric vehicle viable, by offering portable chargers and even implementing charging stations at various points in cities across the state. In addition, in Brazil, hybrid vehicles appear as an intelligent alternative in vehicle electrification, since having two motorization technologies includes the advantages of electric motorization and internal combustion motorization, and benefits from political and economic incentives that are also valid for electric vehicles, and have the comfort of having the main energy matrix of national vehicular transport as the main source of energy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Veículos elétricos, Veículos híbridos, Tecnologia, Análise SWOT, Mobilidade, Electric vehicles, Technology
Como citar
HIDALGO, Pedro Augusto Banietti. Estudo da viabilidade de utilização de veículos elétricos no estado de São Paulo por análise SWOT. Orientador: Eduardo Verri Liberado. 2023. 71 p. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia de Controle e Automação) – Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sorocaba, 2023.