O Impacto dos poluentes atmosféricos nos anos perdidos de vida por doenças cardiovasculares em Piracicaba – SP
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Data
2023-05-15
Autores
Pereira, Karen Thalita
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A poluição do ar pode gerar efeitos nocivos na saúde humana e constituem um importante problema de Saúde Pública. As doenças do aparelho circulatório são uma das principais causas de óbito no Brasil e sua morbimortalidade pode ser intensificada pela emissão de poluentes atmosféricos acima dos níveis recomendados. O Brasil tem um papel importante na emissão de poluentes atmosféricos devido à queima de biomassa, em especial, o município de Piracicaba - SP, que é um dos principais produtores de açúcar e álcool no mundo. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse estudo é “Avaliar o papel da exposição a poluentes do ar na gênese das doenças do aparelho cardiovascular em Piracicaba – SP, quantificando os anos potenciais de vida perdidos (YLL) em decorrência das mortes prematuras causadas por essas doenças”. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, ecológico de séries temporais com dados relativos a internações por doenças cardiovasculares (CID-10 de Hipertensão arterial: I10.0 a I15.0, Doenças isquêmicas do coração I20.0-I25.9, ICC: I50.0 a I50.9, Doenças cerebrovasculares: I60.0 a I64.9) em sujeitos de ambos os sexos, residentes no município de Piracicaba – SP, no período de 01 de janeiro de 2016 a 31 de dezembro de 2018. Os poluentes foram obtidos pelo banco de dados da CETESB e as temperaturas mínima e máxima e umidade pelo banco de dados da ESALQ. Foram consideradas defasagens de 0 a 7 dias e os modelos foram controlados por dia da semana e sazonalidade. A pesquisa abrangeu sujeitos de ambos os sexos residentes no município de Piracicaba – SP. No período de estudo ocorreram 3074 internações e 359 óbitos por doenças cardiovasculares. Os dados foram menos significativos/ expressivos quando utilizado a temperatura mínima nos modelos univariados e multivariados, e mais significativos ao utilizar a temperatura média e máxima. Na análise univariada, quando aplicada a metodologia DALY, o PM2,5, considerando a temperatura máxima, no LAG 5 foi o mais expressivo, resultando em 2876 anos potenciais de vida perdidos, e consequentemente em R$45.764.255,5. Na análise multivariada, quando aplicada a metodologia DALY, o NO2, considerando a temperatura máxima, no LAG 4 foi o mais expressivo, resultando em 113,6813 anos potenciais de vida perdidos, e consequentemente em R$22.736.257,72. Foi possível constatar que o material particulado inalável e os níveis de NO2 e O3, estão associados a morbimortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares. Por isso, é de extrema importância a implementação de medidas públicas para mitigar as emissões resultantes principalmente da queima de biomassa e monitorização da qualidade do ar que vêm sendo adotadas tanto por parte da empresa responsável quanto por parte das autoridades públicas.
Air pollution can have harmful effects on human health, and it is an important public health problem. Diseases of the circulatory system are one of the main causes of death in Brazil and their morbidity and mortality can be intensified by the emission of air pollutants above recommended levels. Brazil has an important role in the emission of atmospheric pollutants due to the burning of biomass, in particular, the municipality of Piracicaba - SP, which is one of the main producers of sugar and alcohol in the world. Therefore, the objective of this study is “Evaluate the role of exposure to air pollutants in the genesis of diseases of the cardiovascular system in Piracicaba - SP, quantifying the potential years of life lost (YLL) due to premature deaths caused by these diseases”. This is an epidemiological and ecological of time series study with data on hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases (ICD-10 of Hypertension: I10.0 to I15.0, Ischemic heart diseases I20.0-I25.9, ICC: I50 .0 to I50.9, Cerebrovascular diseases: I60.0 to I64.9) in subjects of both genders, residing in the city of Piracicaba - SP, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. The pollutants were obtained from the CETESB database and the minimum and maximum temperatures and humidity from the ESALQ database. The lags ranged from 0 to 7 days and the models were controlled by day and seasonality. During the study period, there were 3074 hospitalizations and 359 deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. The data were less significant/expressive when using the minimum temperature in the univariate and multivariate models, and more significant when using the maximum temperature. In the univariate analysis, when the DALY methodology was applied, considering the maximum temperature with a lag of 5 days, the PM2.5 was the most expressive, resulting in 2876 years of potential life lost, and consequently in 45,764,255.5 million reals. In the multivariate analysis, when the DALY methodology was applied, considering the maximum temperature with a lag of 4 days, NO2 was the most expressive, resulting in 113.6813 potential years of life lost, and consequently in 22,736,257.72 million reals. It was possible to identify that the inhalable particulate material and the levels of NO2 and O3 are associated with morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is extremely important to implement public measures to mitigate emissions of air pollutants, mainly resulting from the burning of biomass, and improve the consistently monitoring of air quality to generate more robust data.
Air pollution can have harmful effects on human health, and it is an important public health problem. Diseases of the circulatory system are one of the main causes of death in Brazil and their morbidity and mortality can be intensified by the emission of air pollutants above recommended levels. Brazil has an important role in the emission of atmospheric pollutants due to the burning of biomass, in particular, the municipality of Piracicaba - SP, which is one of the main producers of sugar and alcohol in the world. Therefore, the objective of this study is “Evaluate the role of exposure to air pollutants in the genesis of diseases of the cardiovascular system in Piracicaba - SP, quantifying the potential years of life lost (YLL) due to premature deaths caused by these diseases”. This is an epidemiological and ecological of time series study with data on hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases (ICD-10 of Hypertension: I10.0 to I15.0, Ischemic heart diseases I20.0-I25.9, ICC: I50 .0 to I50.9, Cerebrovascular diseases: I60.0 to I64.9) in subjects of both genders, residing in the city of Piracicaba - SP, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. The pollutants were obtained from the CETESB database and the minimum and maximum temperatures and humidity from the ESALQ database. The lags ranged from 0 to 7 days and the models were controlled by day and seasonality. During the study period, there were 3074 hospitalizations and 359 deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. The data were less significant/expressive when using the minimum temperature in the univariate and multivariate models, and more significant when using the maximum temperature. In the univariate analysis, when the DALY methodology was applied, considering the maximum temperature with a lag of 5 days, the PM2.5 was the most expressive, resulting in 2876 years of potential life lost, and consequently in 45,764,255.5 million reals. In the multivariate analysis, when the DALY methodology was applied, considering the maximum temperature with a lag of 4 days, NO2 was the most expressive, resulting in 113.6813 potential years of life lost, and consequently in 22,736,257.72 million reals. It was possible to identify that the inhalable particulate material and the levels of NO2 and O3 are associated with morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is extremely important to implement public measures to mitigate emissions of air pollutants, mainly resulting from the burning of biomass, and improve the consistently monitoring of air quality to generate more robust data.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Material particulado, Temperatura, Doenças cardiovasculares, Análise de custo em saúde, Particulate matter, Temperature, Cardiovascular disease, Health cost analysis, Ar - Poluição, Sistema cardiovascular, Doenças - Epidemiologia, Biomassa