Avaliação do efeito do benzo(α)pireno em anuros: um estudo descrevendo biomarcadores morfológicos
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Data
2022-08-26
Autores
Valverde, Bruno Serra de Lacerda
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os anuros possuem características que os tornam vulneráveis a contaminantes presentes no ambiente aquático e terrestre. Dentre esses, destaca-se o benzo(α)pireno (BαP), um hidrocarboneto com propriedades carcinogênicas, que pode ser absorvido por diferentes vias – cutânea, oral ou respiratória – o que pode alterar sua distribuição e metabolismo. Para avaliar o impacto do BαP são utilizados biomarcadores, que consistem em alterações mensuráveis em células/tecidos/órgãos, que fornecem informações sobre a exposição e efeito do composto. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa tese é avaliar o efeito do BαP sobre diferentes biomarcadores de anuros e avaliar se a via de administração do composto pode influenciar nesses efeitos. Espécimes de Physalaemus nattereri (N = 108) foram coletados e divididos em três grupos (via cutânea, injetável e oral) e tempos experimentais (um, três e sete dias). Os espécimes receberam uma única administração (volume de 0,02 ml) de óleo mineral puro (controle) ou de óleo mineral contendo 2 mg/Kg de BαP (tratamento). Ao término dos experimentos foram coletadas amostras de sangue, fígado, pele e testículos para análise dos biomarcadores morfológicos (anormalidades nucleares, pigmentação e mastócitos) e bioquímicos (catalase, superóxido dismutase, glutationa S-transferase e peroxidação de lipídios). O BαP alterou a área dos pigmentos melanina (fígado, pele e testículo), hemosiderina e lipofuscina (fígado), a frequência de mastócitos (fígado e pele) e a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase e glutationa S-transferase (fígado). Essas alterações foram influenciadas pela via de administração, sendo que o efeito da via foi distinto para cada órgão.
Anurans have characteristics that make them vulnerable to contaminants present in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. Among these, benzo(α)pyrene (BαP) stands out, as a hydrocarbon with carcinogenic properties, which can be absorbed by different routes - cutaneous, oral, or respiratory - which can change its distribution and metabolism and consequently its effects. To assess the impact of BαP biomarkers are used, which consist of measurable changes in cells/tissues/organs, which provide information on the exposure and effect of the compound. Thus, this thesis aims to evaluate the effect of BαP on different anuran biomarkers and assess whether the route of administration of the compound can influence these effects. Specimens of Physalaemus nattereri (N = 108) were collected and divided into three groups (cutaneous, injectable, and oral route) and experimental times (one, three, and seven days). Specimens received a single administration (0.02 ml volume) of pure mineral oil (control) or mineral oil containing 2 mg/kg of BαP (treatment). At the end of the experiments, samples of blood, liver, skin, and testes were collected for analysis of morphological (nuclear abnormalities, pigmentation, and mast cells) and biochemical (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and lipid peroxidation) biomarkers. BαP altered the pigment area melanin (liver, skin, and testis), hemosiderin and lipofuscin (liver), the frequency of mast cells (liver and skin), and the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase (liver). The route of administration influenced these changes, and the effect of the route was different for each organ.
Anurans have characteristics that make them vulnerable to contaminants present in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. Among these, benzo(α)pyrene (BαP) stands out, as a hydrocarbon with carcinogenic properties, which can be absorbed by different routes - cutaneous, oral, or respiratory - which can change its distribution and metabolism and consequently its effects. To assess the impact of BαP biomarkers are used, which consist of measurable changes in cells/tissues/organs, which provide information on the exposure and effect of the compound. Thus, this thesis aims to evaluate the effect of BαP on different anuran biomarkers and assess whether the route of administration of the compound can influence these effects. Specimens of Physalaemus nattereri (N = 108) were collected and divided into three groups (cutaneous, injectable, and oral route) and experimental times (one, three, and seven days). Specimens received a single administration (0.02 ml volume) of pure mineral oil (control) or mineral oil containing 2 mg/kg of BαP (treatment). At the end of the experiments, samples of blood, liver, skin, and testes were collected for analysis of morphological (nuclear abnormalities, pigmentation, and mast cells) and biochemical (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and lipid peroxidation) biomarkers. BαP altered the pigment area melanin (liver, skin, and testis), hemosiderin and lipofuscin (liver), the frequency of mast cells (liver and skin), and the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase (liver). The route of administration influenced these changes, and the effect of the route was different for each organ.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Células pigmentares, Eritrócitos, Estresse oxidativo, Mastócitos, Vias de exposição, Pigment cells, Erythrocytes, Oxidative stress, Mast cells, Exposure routes