Aplicação metagenômica para detecção de viromas em carrapatos coletados de animais silvestres
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Data
2023-03-03
Autores
Geraldini, Dayla Bott
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Arbovírus são vírus que utilizam vetores artrópodes hematófagos, como por exemplo, os mosquitos e carrapatos, para serem disseminados, circulando em ciclos urbanos e silvestres. Os carrapatos são artrópodes hematófagos, parasitas obrigatórios, que utilizam de uma ampla gama de hospedeiros. Como vetores, os carrapatos são capazes de transmitir uma grande variedade de patógenos, e estão entre os mais importantes vetores de doenças, afetando animais selvagens e domésticos e, os seres humanos, representando um sério risco para a saúde pública. O Brasil possui uma grande diversidade de artrópodes e de animais vertebrados, que juntamente com as condições climáticas, constituem características favoráveis à ocorrência dessas doenças. A maioria dos vírus transmitidos por carrapatos tem genomas de RNA que tendem a acumular mutações gerando grande variabilidade genética. Essas mudanças genômicas podem influenciar a disseminação de vírus para novos habitats e hospedeiros, levando a emergência de novos vírus que podem representar uma ameaça à saúde pública. Portanto, a investigação dos vírus que circulam nos carrapatos é importante para entender sua diversidade, variedade de hospedeiros e de vetores, prevendo novos patógenos emergentes. A metagenômica viral é uma ferramenta útil para identificar simultaneamente todos os vírus presentes em uma amostra, incluindo novas variantes de vírus já conhecidos ou vírus completamente novos. Assim, o objetivo deste projeto foi investigar o viroma de carrapatos provenientes de animais silvestres recebidos e atendidos no Zoológico Municipal de São José do Rio Preto – SP, através de uma abordagem metagenômica. Foram coletados 273 carrapatos, que inicialmente, foram identificados morfologicamente, e separados em 71 pools, o RNA foi extraído e a identificação das espécies foi confirmada, por análise molecular através do gene mitocondrial, mais especificamente, a subunidade I do citocromo c oxidase (COI). Em seguida, as bibliotecas genômicas foram preparadas para a realização do sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS) utilizando a plataforma MiSeq (Illumina). As análises mostraram evidências moleculares importantes sobre um potencial novo vírus pertencente ao grupo dos Jingmenvirus em carrapatos coletados de animais silvestre. É importante ressaltar que não existem estudos sobre o viroma de carrapatos na região estudada, e o foco em animais silvestres é raro devido à dificuldade de manejo dos mesmos. Além disso, esse estudo revela a importância de caracterizar os vírus que circulam em carrapatos de animais silvestres para compreender potenciais riscos de emergência de zoonoses, que possam causar impactos na saúde humana, além dos potenciais impactos para a vida silvestre da região, e com isso fornecer informações para contribuir com a vigilância epidemiológica na região. Em suma, as pesquisas sobre JMTV ainda estão em estágio inicial, sendo necessários mais estudos para elucidar a patogenicidade desse vírus aos animais e suas características epidemiológicas na natureza.
Arboviruses are viruses that use hematophagous arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, to be disseminated, circulating in urban and wild cycles. Ticks are hematophagous arthropods, obligate parasites, which use a wide range of hosts. As vectors, ticks are capable of transmitting a wide variety of pathogens, and are among the most important disease vectors, affecting wild and domestic animals and humans, representing a serious risk to public health. Brazil has a great diversity of arthropods and vertebrate animals, which, together with climatic conditions, are favorable characteristics for the occurrence of these diseases. Most tick-borne viruses have RNA genomes that tend to accumulate mutations, generating great genetic variability. These genomic changes can influence the spread of viruses to new habitats and hosts, leading to the emergence of new viruses that may pose a threat to public health. Therefore, the investigation of the viruses that circulate in ticks is important to understand their diversity, variety of hosts and vectors, anticipating new emerging pathogens. Viral metagenomics is a useful tool to simultaneously identify all viruses present in a sample, including new variants of already known viruses or completely new viruses. Thus, the aim of this project was to investigate the virome of ticks from wild animals received and treated at the Municipal Zoo of São José do Rio Preto - SP, through a metagenomic approach. 273 ticks were collected, which were initially morphologically identified, and separated into 71 pools, the RNA was extracted and the species identification was confirmed, by molecular analysis through the mitochondrial gene, more specifically, the subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COI). Next, the genomic libraries were prepared for next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the MiSeq platform (Illumina). The analyzes showed important molecular evidence of a potential new virus belonging to the Jingmenvirus group in ticks collected from wild animals. It is important to emphasize that there are no studies on the virome of ticks in the region studied, and the focus on wild animals is rare due to the difficulty of handling them. In addition, this study reveals the importance of characterizing the viruses that circulate in wild animal ticks to understand potential risks of emergence of zoonoses, which may impact human health, in addition to potential impacts on wildlife in the region, providing information to contribute to epidemiological surveillance in the region. In short, research on JMTV is still at an early stage, and further studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenicity of this virus to animals and its epidemiological characteristics in nature.
Arboviruses are viruses that use hematophagous arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, to be disseminated, circulating in urban and wild cycles. Ticks are hematophagous arthropods, obligate parasites, which use a wide range of hosts. As vectors, ticks are capable of transmitting a wide variety of pathogens, and are among the most important disease vectors, affecting wild and domestic animals and humans, representing a serious risk to public health. Brazil has a great diversity of arthropods and vertebrate animals, which, together with climatic conditions, are favorable characteristics for the occurrence of these diseases. Most tick-borne viruses have RNA genomes that tend to accumulate mutations, generating great genetic variability. These genomic changes can influence the spread of viruses to new habitats and hosts, leading to the emergence of new viruses that may pose a threat to public health. Therefore, the investigation of the viruses that circulate in ticks is important to understand their diversity, variety of hosts and vectors, anticipating new emerging pathogens. Viral metagenomics is a useful tool to simultaneously identify all viruses present in a sample, including new variants of already known viruses or completely new viruses. Thus, the aim of this project was to investigate the virome of ticks from wild animals received and treated at the Municipal Zoo of São José do Rio Preto - SP, through a metagenomic approach. 273 ticks were collected, which were initially morphologically identified, and separated into 71 pools, the RNA was extracted and the species identification was confirmed, by molecular analysis through the mitochondrial gene, more specifically, the subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COI). Next, the genomic libraries were prepared for next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the MiSeq platform (Illumina). The analyzes showed important molecular evidence of a potential new virus belonging to the Jingmenvirus group in ticks collected from wild animals. It is important to emphasize that there are no studies on the virome of ticks in the region studied, and the focus on wild animals is rare due to the difficulty of handling them. In addition, this study reveals the importance of characterizing the viruses that circulate in wild animal ticks to understand potential risks of emergence of zoonoses, which may impact human health, in addition to potential impacts on wildlife in the region, providing information to contribute to epidemiological surveillance in the region. In short, research on JMTV is still at an early stage, and further studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenicity of this virus to animals and its epidemiological characteristics in nature.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Animais silvestres, Vírus, Carrapatos, Metagenômica, Jingmenvirus, Wild animals, Ticks, Metagenomics